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Chapter 5: Fluid selection and cycle optimization also result from an economic optimum. The influences of these two parameters are straightforward: ➢ Decreasing the pressure drop requires increasing the total width Wtot of the heat exchanger, and therefore its cost. On the other hand, the cycle efficiency is increased which decreases the Specific Investment Cost (SIC). ➢ A lower pinch point requires a higher heat exchange area, which also increases the cost of the system. On the other hand, the evaporating and condensing pressures are respectively increased and decreased, which increases the output power. Figure 72: Influence of Tev on the component costs The influence of the evaporating temperature on the cost is manifold. In general, increasing this parameter increases the vapor density which reduces the pressure drops in the heat exchangers and the required swept volume of the expander. This is illustrated in Figure 72: the cost of the expander decreases with the evaporation temperature, but the cost of the working fluid pump increases since the pressure difference increases. The influence on the cost of the other components is more limited. Figure 73 shows the evolution of the SIC with the evaporating temperature. A minimum value for the SIC is observed around 136°C for the particular case of HFC-245fa. However, this minimum does not coincide with maximum output power of 4325 W obtained at 128°C. This observation can be extended to other fluids used in this investigation. The five parameters (Pev, pinchcd, pinchev, ΔPcd, ΔPev) are therefore optimized with the objective of minimizing the SIC. This is done using the simplex algorithm (Kiefer, 1953). Table 22 shows the results of the thermoeconomic optimization for each fluid. As for the thermodynamic optimization, HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf were limited by their critical temperature. For the other fluids, the optimization leads to a much higher optimal evaporating temperature than in the first case (about 25K higher). The optimal pinch point 25PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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