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Chapter 5: Fluid selection and cycle optimization acceptable component sizes. Compared to the screening method, it shows the advantage of setting limits on the component size and therefore does not lead to unrealistic working fluids. However, the operating maps of different working fluids are often overlapping. This method must therefore be considered as preselection tool only. It must be followed by a more accurate fluid selection procedure, such as the one proposed by the thermoeconomic approach. ➢ The thermoeconomic approach is the most efficient method for working fluid selection since it optimizes the economics of the system. However, its implementation is more complex than the two previous methods: a cost function must be assigned to each component and multiparameter optimization algorithms must be used. Due to the high computational effort involved, this analysis can only be performed for a few working fluids. A preselection must therefore be performed. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are summarized in Table 23. Screening Operating maps Thermoeconomic optimization Recommended field of application Preselection of working fluids Selection of the working fluid when the cycle layout is already defined Preselection of working fluids Co-selection of the pair ORC fluid/Expansion machine Final fluid selection and component sizing Advantages/drawbacks Difficulty to take into account additional factors than the sole thermodynamic efficiency Easy to implement Acceptable boundaries for the working conditions (e.g. expander rotational speed) are set arbitrarily. Requires a cost function for each component Multiparameter optimizations are uneasy to implement and time- consuming. Table 23: Different approaches for working fluid selection 28PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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