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Chapter 6: Case studies technology developed by STG International and installed in Lesotho. On the other hand, the size of the ORC cycle and of its components is recalculated by the model to obtain a good match between collector power and ORC engine power. Parabolic Trough Model The trough module, largely adapted from (Forristall, 2003), is a one- dimensional energy balance model around a Heat Collection Element (HCE) of user specified dimensions and materials: Radiation impinges on a reflector element with user-input focal length, reflective coefficient, and aperture. The energy is correspondingly reduced (e.g. due to a reflective coefficient < 1) and concentrated onto a nodal area of the HCE, where it is transmitted through a glass envelope and a gas annulus, and finally absorbed or reflected at the surface of the HCE. Figure 76: Heat transfer in the absorber Depending on the absorptivity and emissivity characteristics of the selective coating and the temperature of the HTF flowing through the HCE at a given node, some amount of absorbed energy is transferred through the HCE wall into the HTF (process 2-1 in Figure 76) with a heat exchange coefficient calculated from the fluid thermal properties and flow regime parameters. The remaining absorbed heat is lost at the HCE outer surface, via convection and radiation back through the annulus (3-4), conduction through the envelope (4- 5), radiation between the envelope and the sky (5-7) and convection to the ambient air (5-6). This process is repeated for each node, where the input is the output of the previous node, resulting in an overall enthalpy and temperature gain for the focal line length specified by the user. The collector module thus derives a thermal efficiency and outputs a heat flux and temperature gain for the HTF at the user specified flow rate and initial temperature. The different heat transfer relations used to compute the heat flows are provided in Table 24. 5PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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