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Chapter 6: Case studies 1.5 Conclusions Small-scale solar Organic Cycles are well adapted for remote off-grid areas of developing countries. Compared to the main competitive technology, the PV collector, Solar ORCs have the advantage of being manufacturable locally. They are also more flexible and allow the production of hot water as a by- product. This section focused on the evaluation of the thermodynamic performance of the system. With conservative hypotheses, and real expander efficiency curves, it was shown that an overall electrical efficiency between 7 and 8 % can be reached. This efficiency is a steady-state efficiency at a nominal working point. To evaluate the yearly energy output, a dynamic simulation is needed. In particular, the behavior of the storage tank should be modeled to perform a one-year simulation. It should be noted that these calculations were performed for off-the-shelf components, especially the expander, whose combined electro-mechanical efficiency did not exceed 60%. Components specifically developed for the target applications (e.g. a high volume ratio expander, optimized for the ORC working fluid) could significantly increase the system performance. The comparison between working fluids showed that the most efficient fluid is Solkatherm. However, it is also the fluid requiring the highest expander swept volumes, which increases the cost of the system. HFC-245fa also shows a good efficiency and has the advantage of requiring much smaller equipment. Even though part-load conditions were not simulated in the present work, the proposed model allows computing the performance of the system for a wide range of working and ambient conditions. 17PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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