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Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses

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Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses ( organic-rankine-cycles-waste-heat-recovery-and-solar-uses )

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B Adaptation of a hermetic scroll compressor in expander mode Floating Seal The floating seal (Figure 97, 98 and 99) is used to by-pass the working fluid at the beginning of the compression. This system is designed to avoid overheating in the electrical motor at start-up. A bleed hole (Figure 98) is drilled in the stationary scroll, connecting the compression pockets to an intermediary piston chamber. At rest, the pressure in the piston chamber is equal to the exhaust pressure; the force equilibrium maintains the floating seal in its lower position and most of the fluid is by-passed. The compression then leads to a pressure increase in the piston chamber, the floating seal lifts up and the by-pass is closed. In expander mode, the pressure difference between inlet and outlet is low at start-up, leading to an over-expansion of the working fluid. The pressure in the bleed hold can therefore be lower than the exhaust pressure (Figure 100, left), which maintains the floating seal in its lower position, the by-pass remaining open. In order to address this issue and maintain the floating seal in its upper position, three springs are inserted in the piston chamber (Figure 100). The selection of the spring constant and of the spring length must be carefully performed: ➢ A too high spring constant/length leads to an increased pressure between both scrolls and excessive friction (due to the axial compliance mechanism). ➢ A too low spring constant/length does not ensure a correct sealing of the by-pass. In this work, the selected spring length is 9.5 mm for a chamber height of 9 mm. Spring constant was selected empirically by successive increases until reaching proper expander start-up conditions (i.e. without excessive by-pass). Figure 100: Left : Expansion profile corresponding to a bleed hole pressure inferior to the exhaust pressure. Right : Springs inserted underneath the floating seal in the piston chamber IX

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