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1. Introduction Previous analyses of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle power converters [1-10] have shown that the cycle has many advantages compared to the traditional Rankine steam cycle. The advantages include higher cycle efficiency, smaller components (especially, turbomachinery), fewer components, and simpler cycle layout. In order to realize the benefits of greater cycle efficiency, the CO2 temperature at the turbine inlet should be sufficiently high [6]. Figure 1 shows that the S-CO2 cycle has efficiency benefits over a superheated steam cycle at turbine inlet temperatures above 450 oC and above a supercritical water cycle above 550 oC. However, the results in Figure 1 were among the first results obtained for the S-CO2 cycle; several practical aspects such as pressure drops in pipes and turbomachinery exit losses were ignored in that early study. More recent analyses [8-10] have shown that the S-CO2 efficiency curve should be slightly lower than that shown in Figure 1. As a result, the S-CO2 cycle achieveso an efficiencyhigherthanthatofthesuperheatedsteamcycleattemperaturesabove~480 C. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 Supe Heliu Supe Supe rcritical CO2 cycle m Brayton cycle rcritical steam cycle rheated steam cycle Turbine Inlet Temperature (oC) Figure 1. Cycle Efficiency Comparison of Advanced Power Cycles [6]. The recent focus of S-CO2 cycle development under the Department of Energy Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative has been the application of the cycle as a power converter for sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs). For a SFR, a typical core outlet temperature is about 500-550 oC. In addition, SFR’s usually employ an intermediate sodium circuit with about 20-30 oC temperature drop from the primary to the intermediate loops. As a result, about 470 oC has been calculated for the S-CO2 6 Cycle Efficiency (%)PDF Image | Performance Improvement Options for the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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