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turbine inlet temperature when this cycle is coupled to a SFR [8,10]. According to Figure 1, the cycle efficiency benefits over the Rankine steam cycle are small, if even existent. Nonetheless, for these temperature limits, several other benefits of the cycle, such as lower capital cost, simpler cycle layout, and small turbomachinery still make the S-CO2 cycle an attractive option as a power converter for a SFR. Most significantly, the S-CO2 Brayton cycle eliminates the need to deal with sodium-water reactions in the licensing and safety evaluation. Indeed, the is the principal reason for considering the S-CO2 Brayton cycle as an advanced power converter for SFRs. The goal of the present study is to investigate potential tradeoffs between the cycle efficiency and other benefits of the S-CO2 cycle. For example, it is realized that the majority of the plant capital cost comes from the reactor and intermediate loop systems. Therefore, it is worthwhile to investigate how much the S-CO2 cycle efficiency for a SFR can be increased even if the cycle capital cost increases. SFRs are usually designed for full load operation such that both reactor and power conversion system are usually highly optimized for operation at nominal power. In particular, the steam cycles for a SFR are usually very complex with several turbine stages and multiple steam extraction lines to achieve optimal performance at full power. If higher S-CO2 cycle efficiency can be achieved even for a more complex cycle layout, the benefits for the whole plant might overcome the costs associated with the increase in complexity. Several potential options to improve the S-CO2 cycle efficiency have been identified as listed below. All these options explore to various extent the potential for improving the S- CO2 cycle efficiency for a SFR versus increase in the cycle capital cost. The options specifically considered in this work are: - Multiple recompression cycle. The recompression cycle, which is now a reference S-CO2 cycle, employs a splitting of the CO2 flow to compensate for the variation in CO2 properties with pressure. The recompression cycle shows the significant efficiency benefits over a simple cycle without flow splitting such that the question can be asked if multiple stages of recompression could be used to further enhance the cycle performance. - Optimization of the minimum cycle temperature and pressure. The S-CO2 cycle efficiency is very sensitive to the operating conditions at the bottom of the cycle. However, most previous analyses have been limited to supercritical conditions. In this report, other options are investigated such as a transition from supercritical conditions to subcritical conditions with a predominantly liquid phase either directly or though CO2 condensation. - Intercooling cycles. Intercooling between compressor stages is a common approach to increasing cycle efficiency for ideal gas Brayton cycles. Applicability of this approach to a S-CO2 cycle needs to be determined. 7PDF Image | Performance Improvement Options for the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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