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4.2.3. CO2 Cycle with Minimum Temperature Below the Critical Value The results shown above (Figure 8) demonstrate the cycle efficiency benefits if CO2 is cooled below its critical temperature while supercritical pressure is maintained. The operation of the subcritical cycle is expected to be significantly different from that of a supercritical cycle such that the effect of the operating pressures, both high and low, are reinvestigated here for subcritical temperature. Figure 14 shows how the cycle efficiency depends on the minimum pressure if CO2 is cooled down to 20 oC. It follows from Figure 14 that the peak efficiency is achieved when the minimum pressure equals to the saturation pressure (5.75 MPa for 20 oC, see Appendix A). Under these conditions, CO2 expands in the turbine from supercritical to subcritical pressures, then it is cooled to a subcritical vapor and is condensed in the cooler (strictly speaking, a condenser in this case) down to saturated liquid conditions (Figure 6). This cycle is similar to the traditional supercritical water cycle. Figure 14 shows, however, that there still exists an optimal flow split such that a recompression cycle configuration is beneficial for this CO2 cycle. It is noted that the calculations for Figure 14 are carried out with the same model developed for the supercritical cycle such that realistic cooler/condenser calculations are not possible by the current single-phase model. Instead, some value for the condenser pressure drop on CO2 side, 1 %, is simply assumed in the calculations (compared to 0.03 % calculated for the reference cooler conditions). Condenser sizing calculations are not carried out. 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 Pmin, MPa 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 CO2 FLOW SPLIT FRACTION 5 5.5 5.75 6 6.5 7 Figure 14. CO2 Cycle Efficiency versus Minimum Pressure for Subcritical Minimum Temperature (Tmin=20 oC). 29 CYCLE EFFICIENCY, %PDF Image | Performance Improvement Options for the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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