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8. Summary Several options for efficiency improvement for S-CO2 Brayton cycle power conversion for a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) have been investigated. The S-CO2 Brayton cycle efficiency has been investigated for each of the options in the context of a power converter for the 250 MWt Advanced Burner Test Reactor (ABTR) concept developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The calculated efficiencies have been compared with conditions for the reference ABTR S-CO2 Brayton cycle power converter. Some of the options did not improve the cycle efficiency as could be anticipated beforehand. Those options include: a double recompression cycle, intercooling between the compressor stages, and reheating between the turbine stages. Among the main reasons which prevent efficiency improvement for these options are: CO2 properties variation near the critical point, recompression cycle configuration (to partially compensate for the properties variation), and limiting sodium temperature on the low end of the sodium temperature range. For the other group of the considered options, the current analysis confirms the possibilities of improving the cycle efficiency that have been indentified in previous investigations. The options in this group include: increasing the heat exchanger and turbomachinery sizes, raising of the cycle high end pressure (though the improvement potential of this option is very limited), and optimization of the low end temperature and/or pressure to operate as close to the (pseudo) critical point as possible. On the other hand, the analyses carried out for this work have shown that sometimes significant cycle performance improvement can be realized if the cycle operates below the critical temperature at its low end. Such operation, however, requires the availability of a heat sink with a temperature lower than 30 oC for which applicability of this configuration is dependent upon the climate conditions where the plant is constructed (i.e., site specific). The significant improvement in cycle efficiency makes this approach worthwhile considering if site conditions allow its implementation. This approach does not favor design certification of a standard plant design that includes tropical conditions, however. Overall, it has been shown that the S-CO2 cycle efficiency can potentially be increased to 45 %, if a low temperature heat sink is available and incorporation of larger components (e.g.., heat exchangers or turbomachinery) having greater component efficiencies does not significantly increase the overall plant cost. All promising options considered in this work achieve an improvement in efficiency at the expense of capital cost increase. Therefore, additional analysis is required to investigate how the options affect the overall plant economics. In other words, a tradeoff study is required to compare the costs and benefits of each option. Also, additional analysis is required to determine how options that may be attractive from the tradeoff 42PDF Image | Performance Improvement Options for the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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