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Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 4999 13 of 21 3.2. Physical Field Reconstruction In this research, 70% and 30% of the off-design performance data set were selected as the training set and the verification set randomly for the neural network model training. The training process is shown in Figure 8. The cyan and purple lines indicate the field loss during the training process changes with the number of iterations. According to the figure, the field loss declines very quickly, and the loss of the training set and the verification set is similar in the late training period which can prove the model is well trained. The orange and blue lines indicate the R square value of the efficiency and power prediction, respectively, which can effectively represent the effect of the regression model. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 24 Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 24 It can be seen from the figure that during the training process, the square R square value quickly rises froimskaelpatrgneaerr1ro,rwahriecahlmesesatnhsatnha0ttaollatshmeraellalerdraotracilnostheetova1lidnathioenresegtionf.thTehmefiondaelwR-esqbuailrtepdrevdailcutesis is kept near 1, which means that all the real data in the validation set of the model we built predicts kepwtenlle.ar 1, which means that all the real data in the validation set of the model we built predicts well. well. FFigiguurree88..The training process.. Figure 8. The training process. In Itnhitshsistusdtuyd, tyh,ethseursfuarcfeasceosf othf ethsetasttoartobrlabdlaedaenadnrdortotrobrlabdlaedwe werer,er,ersepsepcetcivtievleyl,ye,xepxapnadneddedinitnotothe In this study, the surfaces of the stator blade and rotor blade were, respectively, expanded into 260th×e6256r0ec×ta6n5grlecatsanshgolewansinshFoiwgunrein9.FTighuertera9n.sTvheersteradnirsevcetriosendisirtehceticohnorisdtdhierechtiornd,tdhiereloctniognit,utdhienal the 260 × 65 rectangle as shown in Figure 9. The transverse direction is the chord direction, the dirleocntgioitnudisinthaledsipreacntiwonisiesdthireescptiaonnw(i0sefodrirbelcatidoent(i0pf,o6r5bfloadr ebltaipd,e65rofort)b. lFaoduerokoety). pFousirtikoenyspofsliteiaodnisng longitudinal direction is the spanwise direction (0 for blade tip, 65 for blade root). Four key positions of leading edge (LE), trailing edge (TE), pressure surface (PS), and suction surface (SS) corresponding edge (LE), trailing edge (TE), pressure surface (PS), and suction surface (SS) corresponding to rotor of leading edge (LE), trailing edge (TE), pressure surface (PS), and suction surface (SS) corresponding to rotor blade (R) and stator (S) blades were identified in the figure. For the rotor blade, area (12–40) blade (R) and stator (S) blades were identified in the figure. For the rotor blade, area (12–40) × 65 to rotor blade (R) and stator (S) blades were identified in the figure. For the rotor blade, area (12–40) × 65 corresponds to R_TE, area (130–145) × 65 corresponds R_LE, area (40–130) × 65 corresponds to cor×re6s5pconrrdessptonRd_sTtEo,Rar_eTaE(,1a3r0e–a1(4153)0×–1645)c×or6r5escpoorrnedspsoRn_dLsER,_aLreEa,a(4r0ea–1(340)–1×306)5×co6r5recosprroenspdosntdosRt_oPS, R_PS, and the rest of the area corresponds to R_SS. For the stator blade, areas (120–135) × 65, (220– anRd_tPhSe,raensdt otfhtehreesatreoaf cthoerraersepaocnodrsretsopRon_SdSs.tFooRr_tShSe.sFtoartotrheblsatdateo,rabreladse(,12a0re–a1s35(1)2×0–6153,5()2×206–52,4(02)20×–65, 240) × 65, and (135–220) × 65 correspond to S_LE, S_TE, and S_PS respectively. The rest of the region and24(01)3×5–6252, 0an) d× (61535c–o2r2re0s)p×o6n5dctorrSe_sLpEo,nSd_tToES, _aLnEd, S_PTSE,reasnpdeSct_iPvSelrye. sTphecetrivesetlyo.fTthe regstionf tchoerresgpionds corresponds to S_SS. to cSo_rSrSe.sponds to S_SS. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 R_TE R_SS R_PS R_LE S_PS R_TE R_PS R_LE R_SS 0 50 100 150 200 250 S_SS S_LE S_PS S_TE 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 S_SS S_LE S_TE 0 50 100 150 200 250 Figure 9. Structure diagram of the field. Figure 9. Structure diagram of the field. Figure 9. Structure diagram of the field. The data obtained after the reconstruction of all the calculation examples were summarized. The data obtained after the reconstruction of all the calculation examples were summarized. Then, the average relative error and maximum relative error of the temperature and pressure at the Then, the average relative error and maximum relative error of the temperature and pressure at the stator blade and rotor blade were obtained with the box chart, as shown in Figure 10. The results stator blade and rotor blade were obtained with the box chart, as shown in Figure 10. The results show that the average relative error of the field is less than 1.5%, and the error of the stator blade show that the average relative error of the field is less than 1.5%, and the error of the stator blade temperature and the rotor blade pressure is relatively small. The maximum relative error is less than temperature and the rotor blade pressure is relatively small. The maximum relative error is less than 910 900 890 880 870 860 850 950 945 940 935 930 925 920 915 15%, and the prediction error of the stator blade pressure is small. The above description shows thatPDF Image | Performance Prediction of a S-CO2 Turbine
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