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22 International Journal of Plasma Environmental Science and Technology Vol.2, No.1, MARCH 2008 affect the flow by localized perturbations produced by arc-generated pressure/temperature spikes. Two DC 10 kV, 1 A, power supplies (Glassman High Voltage) were used to energized the eight actuators. Each of them was connected to a ceramic capacitor and a 15 kΩ high power solid body ceramic ballast resistor. The other extremity of the resistor is connected to a fast response, high repetition rate, high voltage MOSFET transistor switch (Behlke Power Electronics GmbH). The other extremity of the switch is also connected to the same kind of resistor itself connected to one electrode of one actuator. The other electrodes of each actuator are grounded. The eight switches are controlled with an 8- channels digital-to-analog output PCI card connected to a computer (figure 82). The switches could commute high voltage (up to 10 kV) at a variable repetition rate (up to 200 kHz) with a short rise/fall time (~0.1 μs). The repetition rate and the duty cycle could be adjusted differently for each actuator with the computer through the PCI card. flow groove boron nitride ceramic couples of tungsten electrodes Fig. 81. Nozzle extension with the arc actuators. DC power resistor supply resistor resistor optical isolation 1A, 10 kV resistor 8 chan DAC Such set of arc actuator seems to be able to make important flow modifications. Its efficiency was analyzed in terms of repetition rate. The response was optimum at around 5 kHz this was consistent with the preferred-mode Strouhal number for such experiments which mostly seemed to correspond to a frequency of 4.5 kHz. 3) Surfaceslidingarcactuator This actuator was first performed by Mizuno [58] (figure 83 and figure 84). It is composed of a mica sheet 0.4 mm thick under which a magnet (neodym, iron, boron) was stuck. The magnet (1.1 Tesla) is 22 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick. On the upper side of the mica sheet two triangular electrodes were stuck. One electrode is connected to AC High Voltage supply. The other one is grounded. For low voltage amplitude an arc discharge appeared between the closest parts of the electrodes. Due to the current in the arc discharge and to the magnetic field a force shifted the arc into one direction depending on the polarity of the HV source. Another setup has been tested with tungsten wires and a periodic ramp High Voltage applied [59] (figure 85). The goal with these setups is to perform a kind of slippery wall in an alternating or constant direction. A.C. H.V. air stream Fig. 83. General view of the actuator with triangular electrodes. Fig. 82. Electrical setup for arc filament actuator.PDF Image | Plasma actuators for aeronautics applications
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