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Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 4168 3 of 26 The focus of this paper is the analysis of the results from a single satisfactory radial turbine design which is obtained based on the identified cycle requirements. It aims at highlighting the flow behaviour within the blade passages as opposed to solely trying to optimise a turbine design. Eventually, the methods are used to provide the necessary understanding of the loss mechanisms specific to sCO2 radial turbines at such power scales, which in turn allow the identification of possible areas for re-design. 2. Modelling Methodology The overall methodology followed throughout this piece of work is summarised in the flowchart of Figure 1. The main steps of the adopted modelling sequence are explained in the following Subsections. Initially, an uncooled cycle model is developed to obtain the turbine operating conditions required for the turbine design. The design procedure begins by performing initial calculations employing a meanline design code, and it is followed by generating a wide range of turbine geometries via preliminary design tools. The following stage involves the analysis of a set of the preliminary designs using 2D throughflow calculations where only a select few are taken further down the performance investigation using more advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. This is an iterative process until a suitable design that meets defined aerodynamic performance criteria is identified. Structural assessment is then performed for the chosen design to investigate the mechanical integrity of the rotor in operation. Cycle Model Turbine operating conditions Aspen Plus Initial Calculations Dimensions and speeds Meanline tool Preliminary Design Geometry generation AxSTREAM Turbine Analysis Performance parameters AxSTREAM CFD Simulations Flow characterisation AxCFD Stress Analysis Structural assessment AxSTRESS Figure 1. Overall methodology flowchart. 2.1. Cycle Modelling The licensed software Aspen Plus V9 [13] is used for simulating the cycle, which is based on the initial model of the work of Scaccabarozzi et al. [10], to obtain the necessary data for turbine design which include working fluid ratios, power output, flow rates, as well as temperatures and pressures. Cycle modelling and analysis are performed before detailed geometrical information or structural aspects of components are defined. The cycle considered in this work is a modification of the NET Power cycle introduced in Section 1. The changes include a reduced turbine inlet temperature and a lower pressure ratio; the uncooled turbine case is considered as a datum configuration for the following reasons: • One of the benefits of a supercritical CO2 cycle is small turbomachinery components which implies small blades that require intricate passages if cooling is employed. The design complexities associated with cooling are eliminated by the use of a smaller-scale radial turbine design • Smaller power output scale so that a radial turbine can still be within acceptable efficiency ranges (power limit shown in Section 3.1.2)PDF Image | Radial Turbine Design for a Utility-Scale Supercritical CO2 Power
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