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Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 9060 14 of 25 F ̇ 0 F ̇ D 5.17 F ̇ F F ̇ F N F ̇ C F ̇ C C F ̇ H P T F ̇ L P T F ̇ c S F ̇ h S 0.03 0.01 0.10 0.48 0.14 1.76 Table 6. FPR table for the turbofan engine in MW. Dissipative Productive Components Total F ̇ c h S 5.07 92.51 82.78 132.82 186.59 138.26 102.23 15.51 F ̇ N Components RcS RhS RchS 4.52 82.53 266.34 102.23 138.26 0.24 0.18 4.35 3.25 58.68 43.89 78.97 59.07 P ̇0 P ̇D P ̇F P ̇F N P ̇C P ̇CC P ̇ H P T P ̇LPT P ̇N 15.51 271.51 82.78 A Grassmann diagram is a graphic representation of the exergy accounting in energy systems and highlights the exergy flows and where the potential improvements exist. The Grassmann diagram of the GE90-115B high bypass turbofan engine, which is fueled with an exergy flow of 271.51 MW in takeoff conditions, is shown in Figure 3 and is plotted in agreement with Table A2. This diagram indicates that only 36.20% of the resources were used to produce the useful kinetic exergy in the bypass (30.49%, E ̇8) and the core engine (5.71%, E ̇7); the exergy destroyed in the productive components (internal irreversibilities) was 39.68%; and the remaining 24.12% was waste exergy (external irreversibilities) corresponding to the chemical exergy of the combustion gases (2.88%, R ̇ chS) and the physical exergy of the exhaust combustion gases and air (21.18% and 0.06%, respectively, R ̇ hS, R ̇ cS). Approximately 30% of the fuel exergy was destroyed during the combustion process and represents the biggest irreversibility. FN Rcs Rchs LPT N E8 6.53 8.79 23.72 31.93 7.84 Total 98.29 5.17 102.23 87.05 138.26 266.34 142.23 106.39 15.82 0.15 57.51 7.84 Ef Ea =5.17 MW E7 Rhs D FC CCHPT Figure 3. Grassmann diagram of the GE90-11B turbofan engine in the takeoff condition. 7.2. Exergoeconomic Analysis The total cost of the kinetic exergy produced by the GE90-115B turbofan engine in the takeoff condition was 26,745.28 USD/h, 86.0% attributable to the exergy produced in the bypass section (Π ̇ FN = P 22,982.24 USD/h) and the remaining part to that generated in the core engine (Π ̇ PN = 3772.04 USD/h); =266.34 MW 22,982.24 USD/h 39.15 USD/h 25,927 USD/h =82.78 MW (30.49 %) 1,391.16 USD/h =15.51 MW (5.71 %) 3,772.04 USD/h 13,467.02 USD/h =0.15 MW (0.06 %) =7.84 MW (2.88 %) =57.51 MW (21.18 %) 1.58 % 2.0 % 3.58 % 0.04 % 1.46 % 1.54 % 0.11 % 29.37 %PDF Image | Residue Cost Formation of a High Bypass Turbofan Engine
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