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Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 9060 16 of 25 exergy of the residues allocated to the CC (∆R ̇ CC = 0.06 MW). The compressor anomaly not only caused an increase of the resource consumption, but it also caused an increase of the residue generation. Table 7. Fuel impact decomposition. Equation (22) Equation (23) ∆I ∆R ∆P MFt MFt MRt DF DF e DF sek ∆Ps +MFR∗t (MW) (MW) (MW) ∆Ps Equation (24) MF∗t Sum (MW) D 0.00 0.00 F 0.10 0.02 FN 0.04 0.00 C 0.50 0.38 CC 0.02 0.06 HPT 0.10 0.00 LPT 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 −0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 −0.55 0.94 −0.03 0.68 0.00 0.75 −0.90 −0.03 0.97 0.00 −0.38 0.40 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.10 0.11 0.85 0.00 0.85 0.85 −0.70 0.79 −0.70 0.08 −0.02 0.12 −0.02 0.10 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 −1.61 0.00 −1.61 −1.61 −0.18 1.05 −0.18 0.87 N −0.03 Sum 0.80 0.00 −1.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 −0.77 −0.15 0.45 −0.06 1.77 −1.52 2.01 −1.52 ∆F ̇T=0.49 According to Equation (23), Table 7 exhibits the diagnosis based on the fuel impact decomposition in terms of malfunctions and dysfunctions. Columns 5 to 7 present the malfunctions due to external resource consumption variation (MFte), component exergy consumption variation (MFt), and the variation of component residue generation (MRt). Since the compressor is only fueled by the power provided by the HPT and its internal malfunction was MFC = 0.94 MW, the compressor required then more power to compensate its degradation and satisfy the thrust requirement. Furthermore, the combustion chamber presented a negative malfunction, MFe,CC + MFCC + MRCC = 0.75 − 0.9 − 0.03 = −0.18 MW, indicating that this component did not contribute globally to increase the irreversibility of the component itself. However, it presented a dysfunction of DFk,CC + DF∆Ps,CC = 0.97 − 0.07 = 0.9 MW. In the context of the loss of compressor performance, the combustion chamber increases the propagation of the irreversibility. All the dysfunctions related to the variation in the local production of components (DFk; see Column 9 of Table 7) were positive or null. A positive dysfunction indicates an increment in the component irreversibility of each component due to the variation of its local production caused by the malfunction of other components. All the components, except those of the bypass section, had negative dysfunctions related to final production variation dysfunctions (see Column 10 of Table 7). These kind of irreversibilities variations do not have a negative impact by themselves, as they are associated with a variation of the overall production. Columns 10 and 11 of Table 7 correspond to the terms of the fuel impact formula given by Equation (24). Column 10 is the malfunction cost (MF∗t + MFR∗t ), which has two distinct components: e the malfunction (MFte + MFRt ) and a structural malfunction or dysfunction (DFK ). The dysfunction of a component depends on its position in the system and can be reduced only if the malfunction is reduced. The compressor inefficiency produced the most significant malfunction cost in the component itself (1.05 MW), since it covered the malfunctions and dysfunctions associated with its degradation. All the components had positive malfunction costs because the dysfunctions DFk induced by those components to the other components were positive. The exergoeconomic cost of the fuel impact related to the compressor deterioration is ∆Πteu = 42.51 USD/h, see Equation (25). This value captures the exergoeconomic cost of external resources (∆ctPeP(x0)), the exergoeconomic cost regarding malfunction (ctPe(x)∣P⟩(x)MFRt), and the exergoeconomic cost owing to final product variation between actual and reference conditionsPDF Image | Residue Cost Formation of a High Bypass Turbofan Engine
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