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Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 5049 11 of 22 Table 4. Financial parameters employed in the SAM’s default and SunShot Vision cases. The parameters that are not reported here are set to the values used by SAM’s default model in Table 6. IRR target [%] IRR target Year Analysis period [years] Inflation rate [%] Nominal Discount rate [%] Loan Percent of total capital cost [%] Loan Duration [years] Loan Annual interest rate [%] SAM Default 11 20 25 2.5 8.14 50 18 7 SunShot Vision Study 15 30 35 3 8.66 60 15 7.1 Table 5. Different Time-of-Delivery factors employed by SAM’s Default and SunShot Vision Study’s financial models. Financial Model SAM Default SunShot Vision Study Period 1 2.064 3.28 Period 2 1.2 1.28 Period 3 1 0.67 Period 4 1.1 1.02 Period 5 0.8 0.82 Period 6 0.7 0.65 The combination of dispatchability and financial schemes described in this section yields the four cases listed in Table 6. These are studied in the next section to check the associated Levelised Cost of Electricity. Table 6. Cases showing different combinations of Dispatch Control and Financial Models. Case No. Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Financial Model Default SAM Default SAM SunShot Vision Study SunShot Vision Study Dispatch Control Default SAM SunShot Vision Study Default SAM SunShot Vision Study 3.3. Overall Analysis of the Levelised Cost of Electricity The results obtained for the three CSP power plants described before, and for the four possible cases, are presented in Figures 7 and 8 for two reference locations in North America: Las Vegas and Tonopah (NV). These two locations are selected for their vicinity to existing Concentrated Solar Power plants using either collector technology, parabolic trough and central receiver, including the then first-of-a-kind Crescent Dunes project which made use of tower technology and an impressive Thermal Energy Storage system enabling operation at full capacity for ten hours. Five figures of merit are taken into account, spanning across the thermal and financial features of the plant: • • Thermal performance: – Yield (Eyear), [GWh]: this is the annual production of electricity of the power plant. – Capacity Factor (CF), [%]: ratio from the system’s annual production of electricity in the first year of operation to the theoretical energy production, should the system run at the rated capacity throughout the entire year. This is a measure of the electricity that the system would be able to produce if it were operated at its nominal capacity for every hour of the year, and it can be significantly affected by the plant location and by the operation (dispatch control) of the Thermal Energy Storage system. Financial: – Levelised Cost of Electricity LCoE [g/kWh]: a measure of the total project life cycle costs relative to the total production of energy throughout the entire project lifetime.PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Power Solar Power Plants
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