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Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials

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Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials ( supercritical-fluids-and-their-application-recycling-high-pe )

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CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This literature review will cover five principle areas of research; supercritical fluids and their application in a research context, high-performance thermoplastic polymers, high- performance thermoset polymers, carbon fibre properties and carbon fibre reinforced composite materials. A broad range of applications of high-performance polymers and composites will be presented in order to provide the context required. 2.1. SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS The physical properties of solvents and solutes are governed, in part, by their state and as such their ability to be applied in varying circumstances is also heavily dependent upon their state. The vast majority of elements and compounds exhibit solid, liquid and gaseous states according to their pressure and temperature. It is well known that under atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa, water exhibits the solid phase at 273 K, the liquid phase between 273 K – 373 K and the gaseous, or vapour, phase at temperatures above 373 K. Water may exhibit three states, solid, liquid and vapour, in equilibrium at its triple point of 273 K and 611.73 Pa [1] shown in Figure 1. 35

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