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with increasing temperature until reaching the critical density of 322 kg m-3, by comparison the density of gaseous water is 1 kg m-3 [4]. Supercritical water has a range of densities (100 – 800 kg m-3), viscosities (0.05 – 0.1 μPa s) and diffusivities (0.01 – 0.1 mm2 s-1), in each case the supercritical fluid values being between the values obtained for liquid and gaseous water [1, 3, 4]. These properties are tuneable by variation of the system pressure, an effect that is not exclusive to water and is the case for all supercritical fluids. All substances have a critical point, beyond which they exist only in the supercritical state and it is the control over properties in this state that allows supercritical fluids to be employed in a vast range of industrial and research fields. The critical points of different substances can vary greatly, for example; ethanol (EtOH) 516 K, 6.38 MPa [5], 2-propanol (PrOH) 508 K, 4.76 MPa [6], 1- butanol (BuOH) 560 K, 4.9 MPa [7] and carbon dioxide (CO2) 304 K, 7.38 MPa [8], all have critical points significantly lower than that of water. The relatively low critical temperature and pressure of CO2 means that supercritical CO2 (scCO2) finds application in a wide variety of processes such as polymer synthesis [9], polymer processing [10], drying [11-15] and extraction [16-20]. Research into polymer synthesis using CO2 is active, owing to the environmental benefits associated with the use of CO2 as opposed to organic solvents. A challenge to the routine polymer synthesis in CO2 is the weak nature of CO2 as a solvent, leading to low polymer solubility, although CO2 compatible surfactants have been developed and are presented in the literature [21, 22]. For a range of polymer processing applications, such as manipulation of polymer transition temperatures [23] and the production of polymer foams [24, 25], scCO2 has been an ideal solute due to the ease of separation post processing. Under atmospheric pressure and 37PDF Image | Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials
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