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Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials

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Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials ( supercritical-fluids-and-their-application-recycling-high-pe )

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to water can destroy small crystallites which otherwise may have acted as nucleation sites for spherulitic growth [92]. Polymers age when in use, and may also age during storage depending on the polymer and its environment, and as such the polymer ageing process has been widely studied in the literature [93-96]. Ageing degrades the physical properties of polymers, as is the case for many materials, and PEEK is not an exception to this. However, since the ageing is a time dependent process, the degradation of physical properties is also a function of time. Consequently, in the literature the importance of both crystallinity and the orientation of the crystallites on the physical properties, factors that may be altered during the service life of a component, are reported [97, 98] with specific examples including the use of PEEK biomaterials. Many sources show that there is some degradation of PEEK’s physical properties with time [99-101], however it is also reported that, where carbon fibre reinforced PEEK is used, the physical properties may remain unchanged and even surpass the fatigue performance of its metallic counterparts [102-104]. It is possible that PEEK, when exposed to high processing temperatures, undergoes irreversible changes to the polymer structure. An example of one such modification is the cross-linking by radical formation of the aryl rings to form a pseudo-dibenzofuran [105]. These modifications are not removed by melt processing and it is therefore necessary to consider the recycling options for PEEK. 2.3. HIGH-PERFORMANCE THERMOSET POLYMERS Thermoset polymers differ from thermoplastics in that they contain cross-linking molecules between the polymer chains. These crosslinks significantly alter the polymer properties and are also responsible for the inability of thermoset polymers to be melt processed. Unlike 44

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