Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials

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Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials ( supercritical-fluids-and-their-application-recycling-high-pe )

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Resin Transfer and Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM and VARTM) Similarly to compression moulding, RTM utilises a 2-part rigid mould to form the shape of the composite. However, RTM does not use carbon fibre pre-preg and uses dry, continuous or semi-continuous carbon fibre, commonly in a woven or stitched mat or tape. Layers of carbon fibre are laid into the lower mould to the desired depth at which point the mould is closed prior to the injection of the resin and associated cross-linking agent. The mould, containing the carbon fibre and resin, is subsequently heated to induce cross-linking according to the curing cycle of the specific resin used. Once cured, the mould is opened and the composite is removed and the process is repeated [219]. Attempts to produce CFRP’s for high performance applications by RTM, without use of an autoclave, have been made with results showing similar mechanical performance to those produced in an autoclave [220]. The physical properties of the composite depend on the ability of the resin to permeate through the fibre matrix, essentially wetting the fibres in their entirety prior to curing the resin. The efficiency of this stage of the process can be improved by imposing a vacuum or partial vacuum, which is subsequently used to draw the resin through the mould and therefore through the fibres. In doing so, the transfer of resin through the fibre layers is increased and consequently it is possible to reduce the quantity of resin used and thereby minimise the product’s mass. However, when using VARTM the maximum pressure differential possible is 0.1 MPa, lower than what is achievable by pumping the resin in RTM. However, VARTM may be used to selectively draw resin to particular parts of the mould that may be prone to low resin concentrations and consequently may reduce the potential for inhomogeneity [213, 215, 221]. 57

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