Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials

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Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials ( supercritical-fluids-and-their-application-recycling-high-pe )

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exploit the electrical properties of carbon fibre showing that, where impact damage exists, the corresponding increase in resistance and associated increase in temperature is detectable. Therefore, by using sensitive thermal equipment it is possible to identify damaged areas that are visually intact [252]. A similar approach using pulsed eddy currents has also been presented in the literature [253, 254]. Other research into the use of optical fibres laid between plies during the manufacturing process as a method of identifying impact locations is also presented [255], as well as the use of ultrasound [256, 257]. Effects of weathering on the physical properties of CFRP’s are important and, for many applications, will dictate the service-life of the component [258]. Accelerated ageing, including exposure to moisture and UV, has been reported to decrease the flexural modulus [259]. Comparison of accelerated ageing of virgin epoxy resin and CFRP’s under identical conditions have shown that the reduction in flexural modulus is greater in the case of the resin, highlighting the increased performance of CFRP’s [260]. Whilst damage detection within CFRP’s represents a challenge, a substantial difficulty is encountered when considering the remedial action. Thermoset polymers, by definition, are not melt processed and where a CFRP has sustained severe impact damage leading to fracture of the fibres, there is a requirement to seek restorative maintenance. For some components, particularly load bearing parts, it may not be possible to find a suitable remedial action and therefore the component must be replaced, leading to the formation of CFRP waste. Additional waste routes include manufacturing wastes and fatigue life components that must be replaced due to failure being catastrophic. The technologies 63

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