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proportion of recycled, or reclaimed, material. Varying the proportion of recycled material into SMC’s alters the final product’s mechanical performance and therefore must be controlled [265]. It has been demonstrated that when recycled carbon fibre is used in place of virgin glass fibre as a filler in SMC’s, the mechanical performance (such as the modulus of elasticity) of the recycled component may exceed that of the virgin component containing glass fibre [266]. This approach, whilst it does demonstrate the ability to use recycled carbon fibres to produce a material, does not necessarily represent an economically or environmentally sustainable option for end-of-life CFRP’s. This is because the SMC’s in question are typically made with glass fibres, having a substantially lower embodied energy and production cost, whereas the carbon fibre embodied energy, which was greater initially, now includes the energy associated with the recycling process. The use of recycled fibre SMC’s in the automotive industry to produce body panels has been supported since the mid-1990’s [267] and it is reported that mass reductions of up to 55 % are achievable when carbon fibre is used over other materials [268]. Attempts to devise economically viable processes for recycling GFRP have been presented, with this being the predominant method of recycling on an industrial scale [269]. The economic case for carbon fibres is different in that the particularly attractive properties of CFRP’s are dependent upon the length, volume fraction and alignment of the carbon fibres. Thus, in order to produce high value products there is typically a requirement to recover carbon fibres as opposed to finely milled particles. Comminution has been successfully employed to produce low loading sports equipment from recycled CFRP’s, by grinding the material into a fine powder prior to incorporation into a secondary CFRP [270]. 66PDF Image | Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials
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