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it is possible to use nitric acid to treat carbon fibres, with modification of the surface increasing bonding to both epoxy and polyurethane resins [300, 301]. Thermochemical Processes Thermochemical processing, using sub-critical, near-critical and supercritical fluids allows chemicals that would not conventionally be considered capable of dissolving polymers to be applied. Information on supercritical fluids and their properties is provided in Chapter 2.1. Under supercritical conditions relatively benign solvents, such as water, may be used to decompose CFRP’s when used with a catalyst [302]. The process of thermochemical degradation or decomposition of polymers is called solvolysis, although the name hydrolysis is given when water is the solvent. For BADGE based epoxy resins, and their associated composites, it is possible to partially decompose the polymer matrix (approximately 20 %) using water alone at 523 K, with the percentage decomposition rising with increasing temperature (> 60 % at 673 K) [303]. The efficiency of the decomposition may be increased by the addition of catalysts, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2) [303, 304]. Phenol is a major product in the decomposition of BADGE based epoxy resins [171], and there is also evidence to suggest that there is a synergistic effect between phenol and some catalysts used in the decomposition reactions [302], leading to an auto accelerating reaction [305]. In attempts to reduce the temperature and pressure required for decomposition of the resin to take place, research into alternative supercritical fluids including methanol (scMeOH), ethanol (scEtOH) and propanol (scPrOH) have been reported. When using 71PDF Image | Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials
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