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By inspection of Figure 110 – Figure 113 it can be seen that on the surface of virgin carbon fibres there are 2 carbon species (Figure 110), a single oxygen species (Figure 111), essentially no nitrogen (indicated by the poor fit result, Figure 112) and 2 silicon species (Figure 113). The binding energy (BE) is specific to a chemical functional group or bond type. A selection of binding energies corresponding to specific functional groups is provided in Table 25. Table 25: XPS binding energy of specific functional groups Element Carbon Oxygen Nitrogen Silicon Binding Energy (eV) 285 288 531.5 - 532 532.9 400 >405 102 99 Functional Group C-C -C=O -C-O SiO2 C-NH2 NO3- Organic Si Elemental Si By comparison of Table 25 and Figure 110 it may be shown that the vast majority of the surface carbon atoms are bonded to other carbon atoms (BE = 285 eV), as to be expected for carbon fibres. The second peak (BE = 288 eV) corresponds to a carbonyl group thought to be part of the sizing. Figure 111 in conjunction with Table 25 shows that the single peak (BE = 532 eV) is attributable to the carbonyl functional group (-C-O). This is in support of the inference that the sizing contains the carbonyl functional group, potentially in 2 distinct species. Organic silicon is observed on the surface of virgin carbon fibres, Figure 113 and Table 25, whilst ethylamine and nitrates are not observed. The distribution of functional groups observed by XPS on the surface of virgin carbon fibres is given in Figure 114. 265PDF Image | Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials
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