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supposed to absorb i t , then through cooling and becoming specifically heav- uer as a result, rainwater w i l l readily be able to infiltrate the interior of the Earth. After having attained a temperature of +4°C (+39.2°F - also its condi- tion of greatest density) and by sinking further, the water eventually arrives at strata of higher temperature, and by accommodating itself to these tem- peratures it becomes specifically lighter. The further it sinks due to the pressure from the heavier water above, the greater its inherent resistance to downward movement, owing to its con- stantly reducing specific weight. Finally a state of equilibrium is established through which the all-important height of the groundwater table is regulat- ed.39 Under very particular conditions of pressure, a water stratum with a temperature of +4°C (the centre stratum) is formed within the general body of groundwater. In the case described above we are concerned with a posi- tive temperature gradient, which is the rate of change per unit length between the temperature of the incident rainwater and that of the ground, expressed arithmetically. This case also represents the Full Cycle of water, the full hydrological cycle. In reiteration of what has been stated earlier, this is characterised by the following phases: • infiltrationofwaterintotheEarth; • passagethroughthe+4°Ccentre-stratumofthegroundwater; • purificationatthistemperature;40 • furthersinkingintosubterraneanaquifersduetoitsownweight; • transitiontoavaporousstateduetostronggeothermalinfluences; • risingagaintowardstheground-surfacewithasimultaneousuptakeof nutrients; • coolingofthewateranddepositionofnutrients; • drainingawayovertheground-surface; • evaporatingandformingclouds; • fallingagainasrain,andsoon. In warm soils the +4°C groundwater stratum is missing. Hence the coun- terweight to the upward pressure from below is also absent. If the tempera- ture of rainwater is lower than the uppermost ground-stratum, then the 39The weight of the +4° C water thrusts the lower, specifically lighter water downwards, which due to the rising temperatures thus encountered, becomes even less dense and hence develops an increasing resistance to fur- ther downward movement through its expan- sion against lower-lying resistances. - Ed. 40When sinking or rising again from the interior of the Earth, as described above, the water undergoes a reduction in temperature and to a greater or lesser extent precipitates its content of salts and other substances due to its dimin- ished dissolving capacity, until at +4°C (39.2°F) it reaches the state where its capacity to hold salts and other substances in solution is at a minimum. This, tendency to transude the dis- solved matter is enhanced by the soil, which exerts a filtering action such that the water in the centre-stratum becomes increasingly pure - VS.PDF Image | The Water Wizard
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