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follow external temperatures, but in a more or less attenuated form. This phenomenon will now be examined with regard to its effect on the structure of the dam-wall, with the main emphasis on two aspects: 1): the cavitating, or sedimentating55 action of water; 2): temperature-induced stresses inside the dam-wall. Regarding 1): with a simultaneous decrease in temperature towards +4°C during flow (positive temperature gradient), water penetrating into the dam-wall loses its ability to dissolve salts and other substances, or to retain its already-dissolved or otherwise-transported matter in suspension. The tendency to deposit or precipitate these substances will be enhanced by the natural filtering action of the wall-structure, in whose pores the water deposits its dissolved salts as well as some of the accompanying suspended matter (sedimentating action of water).56 Water increases its capacity to dissolve matter and to maintain this in solution (the cavitating action of water), if its temperature diverges from +4°C in the direction of flow (negative temperature gradient) as it infiltrates into the dam-wall. Water flowing under a negative temperature gradient and isolated from light and air liberates soluble acids from suffused sub- stances, resulting in a substantial increase in aggressivity and hence in its cavitating action. Before going further, the course of such internal tempera- tures should be studied using data from the Waldecker Dam57 in which mea- Fig. 24: Cross-section through the Waldecker DamPDF Image | The Water Wizard
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