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side (east-west wall direction), the cavitating activity (negative temperature gra- dient) will predominate, as a result of more intensive or more sustained solar irradiation of the air-side of the wall, whereas when the air-side faces north (east-west wall direction) an equalisation of temperatures is also possible. A wall in which cavitation predominates will exhibit premature 'signs of old age', which manifest themselves as cracks, increased seepage, and so on. In any event the life-span of such a wall will be significantly shorter than a wall in which progressive consolidation is induced through the predomi- nance of sedimentation. This latter case can also be engineered under the most unfavourable local, climatic and site conditions if water is trickled over the full outer face of the dam-wall during the period in question. In this case it is important that the colder bottom-water and not the surface water of the dam is used for the purposes of over-trickling (cooling by trick- ling of water), roughly according to the very schematic arrangement in fig. 27. With regard to this new type of dam-wall (over-trickling of mass-con- crete dam-walls), without going into more detailed explanations, even a lay- person can at least understand the purpose and proper arrangement of this over-trickling process, which is required for a few months only. The over-trickling has nothing whatever to do with the concept of the internal or external stability of the wall as normally construed today. Dams built according to this system will only be placed under water (as are all other walls) when the concrete has cured sufficiently and the wall is stable. The aim of over-trickling is to place a film of water between the external temperature and the air-side of the wall, in the process of which, due to evaporation of water, the wall on the air-side will exhibit lower tempera- tures than if the Sun were to shine directly onto its unprotected surface. Through the out-take of cold bottom-water by means of suitably arranged sluices and conduits, water-masses remaining in the storage basin will auto-PDF Image | The Water Wizard
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