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flow the wall and also to enter the upper or the lower trough via the appro- priate diverter pipe. In this process the outer wall surface will be protected from the pernicious, fluctuating effects of the external temperature. In summer it is necessary to differentiate between the behaviour during the day and during the night. In summer during the day (Figures III & IV) the water in conventionally constructed dams flushes out the cracks and enlarges the pores, which increases the rate of percolation over the course of time and results in a further deterioration in the condition of the wall. In the proposed method of construction, use is made of the bottom water, which even in summer is only about +4°C initially and of a somewhat high- er temperature later on. This water is permitted to rise between the sub- sidiary and main walls and to flow over the top of the dam and down the external face. In this way the damaging action of water on the dam will be prevented. In summer at night (Figures V & VI), while the flushing of the pores will actually be diminished in conventional structures, it nevertheless still occurs. In contrast, with the new construction of the proposed design, no dissolution of the wall-particles takes place. In Case III, even with normal methods of construction and the usual out- flow of water via the spillway, the discharge into the drainage channel can be influenced beneficially, because the water cools as it flows downstream, i.e. its temperature reduces from about 18°C to 14°C and hence increases in specific weight. After a sudden drop in temperature, which on occasion can happen in summer, this condition is intensified; the water flows away rapidly with no tendency to form bends. Its tractive force increases down- stream, carrying the sediment along with it and the channel bed is deep- ened. If water is released from the bottom sluice-gate, therefore at a deep level, then the difference between the temperatures of the draining water (about 4°C) and the air (about 35°C) becomes very large. The vorticity of the water then becomes considerable and the formation of bends more frequent, resulting in the deposition of sediment on the inside curve and incipient breaches on the outside curve. With a half-full reservoir, these events dimin- ish and the formation of vortices decreases. With Schauberger's system the water is discharged at a temperature of about +4°C and the aforementioned processes likewise occur. However, with the aid of the diverter pipes it is possible to select the temperature of the dis- charge water and thereby adjust it to the prevailing air temperatures in such a way that turbulence and the undesirable formation of bends is reduced. With regard to the confluence of the hot-spring with the Tepl, the follow- ing should be noted. Whereas water of 10°C or 20°C has a specific weight of 0.9997 and 0.9982 respectively, the specific weight of 70°C water is 0.9778; the hot-spring water is thus 0.022 or 0.020 lighter than the Tepl water.PDF Image | The Water Wizard
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