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Thermal Energy Equipment: Waste Heat Recovery Typical industrial applications are heat recovery from ventilation, air conditioning and low temperature heat recovery. 2.9 Waste Heat Recovery Boilers Waste heat boilers are ordinarily water tube boilers in which the hot exhaust gases from gas turbines, incinerators, etc., pass over a number of parallel tubes containing water. The water is vaporized in the tubes and collected in a steam drum from which it is drawn out for use as heating or processing steam. Because the exhaust gases are usually in the medium temperature range and in order to conserve space, a more co mpact boiler can be produced if the water tubes are finned in order to increase the effective heat transfer area on the gas side. Figure 12 shows a mud drum, a set of tubes over which the hot gases make a double pass, and a steam drum which collects the steam generated above the water surface. The pressure at which the steam is generated and the rate at which steam is produced depend on the temperature of waste heat. The pressure of a pure vapor in the presence of its liquid is a function of the temperature of the liquid from which it is evaporated. The steam tables tabulate this relationship between saturation pressure and temperature. If the waste heat in the exhaust gases is insufficient for generating the required amount of process steam, auxiliary burners, which burn fuel in the waste heat boiler or an after-burner in which the exhaust gases flue are added. Waste heat boilers are built in capacities from 25 m3 almost 30,000 m3 /min. of exhaust gas. 2.10 Heat Pumps In the various commercial options previously discussed, we find waste heat being transferred from a hot fluid to a fluid at a lower temperature. Heat must flow spontaneously “downhill”, that is from a system at high temperature to one at a lower temperature. When energy is repeatedly transferred or transformed, it becomes less and less available for use. Eventually, energy has such low intensity (resides in a medium at such low temperature) that it is no longer available to function. Figure 12. Two-Pass Water Tube Waste Heat Recovery Boiler (Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food) Energy Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia –www.energyefficiencyasia.org ©UNEP 9PDF Image | Thermal Energy Equipment Waste Heat Recovery
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