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Thermal Energy Equipment: Waste Heat Recovery 3. ASSESSMENT OF WASTE HEAT RECOVERY This section explains how to assess the potential for waste heat recovery and gives examples. 3.1 Determining the Waste Heat Quality When recovering waste heat, the quality of waste heat must be considered first. Depending upon the type of process, waste heat can be discarded at virtually any temperature from that of chilled cooling water to high temperature waste gases in an industrial furnace or kiln. Usually, higher temperatures equate to higher quality of heat recovery and greater cost effectiveness. In any study of waste heat recovery, it is absolutely necessary that there is some use for the recovered heat. Typical examples of use would be preheating of combustion air, space heating, or pre-heating boiler feed water or process water. With high temperature heat recovery, a cascade system of waste heat recovery may be practiced to ensure that the maximum amount of heat is recovered with the highest potential. An example of this technique of waste heat recovery is where the high temperature stage is used for air pre- heating and the low temperature stage is used for process feed water heating or steam generation. 3.1.1 Quality and potential uses In considering the potential to recover heat, it is useful to note all the possible sources of waste and their quality and possible uses (see Table 1) Table 1. Waste Heat Source and Quality No Source of waste heat 1 Heat in flue gases 2 Heat in vapor streams 3 Convective & radiant heat lost from exterior of equipment 4 Heat losses in cooling water 6 Heat stored in products leaving the process 7 Heat in gaseous & liquid effluents leaving process Quality of waste heat and possible use The higher the temperature, the greater the potential value for heat recovery As for heat in flue gases, but when condensed, latent heat is also recoverable Low grade – if collected, may be used for space heating or air preheats Low grade –useful gains if heat is exchanged with incoming fresh water Quality depends upon temperature Poor, if heavily contaminated & thus require alloy heat exchanger 5 Heat losses in providing chilled water or in the disposal of chilled water 1. High grade if it can be utilized to reduce demand for refrigeration 2. Low grade if refrigeration unit used as a form of Heat pump 3.1.2 Recovery potential for different industrial processes Waste heat can be recovered from various industrial processes. A distinction is made between high, medium and low temperatures of waste heat. Energy Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia –www.energyefficiencyasia.org ©UNEP 12PDF Image | Thermal Energy Equipment Waste Heat Recovery
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