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In 2000, Aliyama et al. [26] identified the possibilities of recovering and reusing high temperature IWH from blast furnace slags, Linz and Donawitz (LD) converter slags, electric furnace slags and LD gas. A thermo-chemical TES system was proposed, in which nine endothermic reactions candidates were proposed to generate steam and hot water from an exergy point of view. Two years later, Maruoka et al. [27] studied the implementation of a TES system consisting of copper balls encapsulated by a nickel film as to store discontinuous IWH at temperature above 1600 °C from the exhaust gas of a steelmaking LD converter. The stored IWH was further supplied to a coke oven gas to induce an endothermic reaction of methane steam reforming to produce methanol and for the reforming reaction from methane to hydrogen and carbon monoxide (Figure 4). In a later work, Maruoka et al. [28] estimated the potential of the implementation of this TES system [27] to the Japanese methanol industry. Even they do not reported energetic or environmental savings, they found a reduction of the exergy loss of 28 % (compared with the conventional process) and that this implementation would allow producing 6.6·105 ton of methanol annually, corresponding to 20% of the total country demand. Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the process consisting of the LD converter and the PCM storage by Maruoka et al. [28] Zhang and Akiyama [29] reviewed different recuperation techniques in the Japanese steelmaking industry at temperatures up to 1427 °C. Among them, the authors identified nine thermo-chemical reactions and a PCM (sodium acetate trihydration salt) were identified as TES systems candidates for IWH recovery. However, the authors did not calculate the environmental or energetic savings but the differences in the exergy losses if compared to a conventional system. Results showed that when the temperature is well controlled significant reductions in exergy losses could be achieved. Steinparzer et al. [30] numerically analysed the intermittent exhaust gas recovery of an electric arc furnace (EAF) as IWH from a steelmaking industry with different TES systems (steam accumulators, PCM, molten salts and concrete) in order to be reused as heat for other processes 8PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage TES Industrial Waste Heat Recovery
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