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40 The authors already highlighted the expectations of achieving fiscal benefits when using TES 41 systems for vehicle applications. 41 43 Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup (left) [43];picture of the 44 experimental setup (right) [45] 44 50 A similar setup was later used by Prabu and Asokan [47] and Gopal et al. [48]. The TES system 51 consisted of a stainless steel vessel, which was filled with 40 spherical containers made of low 52 density polyethylene encapsulating each one approximately 100 grams of PCM (paraffin). In 53 this system, water was used as HTF. Results showed that nearly 7% of the total exhaust heat 54 was recovered and the energy efficiencies of the integrated system oscillated between 3.2% and 55 34.2%. 51 66 Regarding specific applications in vehicle engines, Kauranen et al. [49] analysed the advantages 67 of adding TES to a diesel car engine in sub-zero outdoor temperatures. At those conditions, the 68 engine usually need additional heating to maintain a desired operation temperature (above 70 69 °C) so the additional heater was replaced by a combination of exhaust gas heat recovery system 70 and latent heat TES accumulator. 4 kg of a commercial PCM (Climsel C70) with a melting 71 point at 75 °C was selected for the heat accumulator in a typical shell and tube configuration. In 72 comparison with the original system, the response of the TES accumulator was faster and the 73 cold start emissions were greatly reduced. Later on, Shon et al. [50] proposed storing waste heat 74 from a hot engine coolant in a tank filled with 4.2 kg of xylitol with a heat capacity of 1300 kJ. 75 The stored heat could be used to quickly warm the engine and heat the passenger compartment. 76 Experimental results showed that the engine warm-up time was shortened 33.7%. In the case of 77 shipping transportation, a TES system was designed and modelled by Baldi et al. [51] (Figure 78 10) for the engine exhaust streams. A 1000 m3 cylindrical storage tank filled with thermal oil 79 was considered for the TES system. Numerical results showed that the fuel consumption from 80 the boilers could be reduced by 80% 20PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage TES Industrial Waste Heat Recovery
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