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1890 Hanzhi Wang et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 1889 – 1894 increased environmental awareness these working fluids are now being regulated [8]. Though the HCs have no environmental issues, the flammability limits its application to a certain extent. The hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) that have excellent thermophysical properties and low toxicity can be recommended as a long-term solution [9]. The HFEs have zero ODP and very low GWP compared to the CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs; also, most of commercial HFEs are non-flammable [10], which makes them outstands the HCs in view of safety. Based on thermodynamic, environmental and economic criteria, Qiu et al. [11] reported that the performance of HFE7000 and HFE7100 is better than that of PF5050, R123, n-pentane, R245fa, R134a and isobutene in the ORC. However, the investigations relate to the use of HFE fluids in the ORC processes is limited [9-13]. Therefore, in this paper, three most widely used HFEs in industry include HFE7000, HFE7100 and HFE7500, applied as working fluids in the ORC are parametrically studied based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The effects of the turbine entry temperature on the performance of the ORC using HFEs are discussed. The net power output, first and second law efficiencies and turbine size factor are selected as performance indicators in the analysis. 2. Thermodynamic analysis The ORC investigated in this paper is shown in Fig. 1. It consists of four different processes: process 1 2 (expansion through turbine), process 2 3 (heat rejection in condenser), process 3 4 (pressurized in pump), and process 4 1 (heat addition in evaporator). The analysis is based on the following assumptions: (1) the system is operating under steady-state condition, (2) no undesired pressure drop and heat loss occur in the system, (3) working fluid at the evaporator and condenser exits is saturated, and (4) isentropic efficiencies for the turbine and pump. With the assumptions above, the energy balance of each component based on the first law of thermodynamics is Ein Q Eex W (1) where Ein and Eex are the energy rate in and out; Q is the heat transfer rate; and W is the power output. The net power ouput of the ORC system (Wnet) is calculated by Eqs. (2), (3) and (4) Wnet Wtur Wpump (2) (3) (4) Wpump m(h4s h3)/ pump W m h h tur 12stur Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the organic Rankine cyclePDF Image | Thermodynamic Analysis ORC Hydrofluoroethers working fluid
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