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1.B. COMPARISON WITH ELECTROCHEMISTRY 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 100 % conversion efficiencies [69]. To achieve 50 % energy at high conversion efficien- cies many far reaching improvements are required to be made in CO2 plasma processing in both engineering and science. The discovery of shale gas in North America started a steep decline of fossil fuels [72] which makes it even difficult for an emerging techno- logy to become competitive. Nevertheless, CCU addresses CO2 problem that has more implications than simple economics. 1.B Comparison with electrochemistry In the above section it has been shown that any process that can use electrical energy directly has potential to be economically competitive. In this respect electrochemical conversion has been pursued for a long time and can be considered as a benchmark for new ideas using other technologies. However, the efficiencies reported for CO2 conver- sion use different standards, namely fardaic efficiencies and current densities than the ones used in plasma assisted conversion. For a fair comparison, energy efficiency of a typical electrochemical process vis-a-vis equation 1.1 is presented here. We use work done by Dufek et al [73] as a reference; the values of important parameters used in this paper are given in table 1.1. 1.B.1 Definitions and conditions Faradaic efficiency:describes the efficiency with which charge (electrons) are in a par- ticular electrochemical reaction. It is the percentage of the total current used for the chemical reaction. 1.B.2 Analysis The power consumed P by the reactor at these conditions is P =VCJA = 6.6 W (1.4) The partial current density used to produce CO is 90% of 225 mA/cm2 which is 202.5 mA/ cm2 But according to the paper two electrons are required for producing every molecule of CO. Hence the current of 101.25 mA/cm2 is used to produce n molecules of CO n = 6.3 × 1017 CO /cm2 /s. (1.5) 13PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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