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2. HYDROGEN RADICAL ASSISTED METHANATION 2.4. DISCUSSION Table 2.2: Species used to describe the chemistry Radicals: Ions: Saturated species: Surface species: H, O, OH, C Ar+ , H+2 , CO+2 , CO+ Ar, H2, CO2, CO, H2O, CH4, O2 C(s), O(s), H(s), CHx(x=1-3), OH(s) source) and in reactor (EPJ), which results in different set of reactions becoming domin- ant in each of the regions and the species produced in the arc will act as a starting point for the reactions in the reactor; their production mechanisms will be discussed in section 2.4.1. In section 2.4.2 species and mechanisms operating in the reactor will be discussed. Mechanism in the arc are tabulated in the table 2.3 and those in reactor in tables 2.4 and 2.5. The species produced in the gas phase diffuse and are adsorbed at the reactor walls. The reactive adsorbed species take part in surface reactions, some of which are listed in table 2.7, producing CH4 among others. The details of the surface chemistry is discussed in section 2.4.3. All the species, gas phase and surface, used for the scheme are listed in table 2.2. Only the ground level energy species are listed in the table but the same species in excited form (ro-vibrational and electronically excited) might also be present. The densities of excited species has been extensively studied, by others, in both Ar plasmas[102] and H2 plasmas [92]. However, the interaction of such excited species with carbon and oxygen containing species is not known explicitly and can be described only qualitatively for the purpose of this work. Broadly speaking, all the experimental conditions can be classified into two main regimes that depend on the chemical composition of the gases fed through the arc i.e., Φ. Initially when the H2 concentration is low, the chemistry in the volume of the plasma reactor is ion-driven i.e. mainly ion-molecule and dissociative recombination reactions are taking place. As the percentage of H2 in the input increases the H radical produc- tion becomes increasingly important very rapidly leading into the second, radical-driven regime. The reason for this shift will become apparent in section 2.4.2. 2.4.1 Active species production in the arc When only Ar is fed through the arc (Φ = 0), part of Ar atoms are ionized (reaction A1). The degree of ionization could be as high as 10% [102]. When purely H2 is added through the arc (Φ = 1), the net effect can be described simplistically as the dissociation 26PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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