PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 041
2. HYDROGEN RADICAL ASSISTED METHANATION 2.4. DISCUSSION than in Ar + CO + H2 plasmas supports this claim. In Ar + CO + H2 plasmas, similar to CO2 admixtures, the CT and DR sequence of C2 and D2 dissociates CO and produces carbon and oxygen. But the carbon is oxidized back by reaction S9 and hence it is not observed. Small amounts of CO2, measured in Ar rich conditions supports the fact that oxygen from dissociation of CO (C2 and D2) was available. With the addition of H2 through the arc, Ar+ ions are depleted thereby reducing CO dissociation to carbon and oxygen. 2.4.3 Role of surface Although the gas phase volume reactions are able to explain part of the trends of form- ation of species like CO from dissociation of CO2, they cannot describe the association of carbon to form methane which needs five steps chemically (S7, S8 reactions in table 2.7). Hence the role of surface needs to be invoked. In general, all the chemical reac- tions on surface can be divided into two categories. These two categories are depicted in a schematic in figure 2.8: Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanisms where both the reactant species are present on the surface and interact with each other by diffusion along the surface figure 2.8a to 2.8b); Eley-Rideal (E-R) mechanism where one of the species is adsorbed while the second one is in gas phase (figure 2.8a to 2.8c). However, to explain the product densities observed it does not make difference if a given chemical reaction follows E-R or L-H mechanism. For example, the H radicals formed in either arc or in the reactor volume diffuse to the walls either to associate back into H2 [106] or to react with other species like C(s), and CO(s,g) to produce methane in step wise chain reactions. These type of reactions are expected to take place only at the walls at the low pressure range of the experiments. From the results it is clear that the methnation of CO is much more efficient than methanating CO2 in EPJ conditions. Mechanisms involving CO decomposition and methane formation at low pressures on transition metal surfaces (Ni and Fe) was dis- cussed by Kress et al [111] and similar mechanisms are expected to be operational in EPJ (reactor). In this mechanism H radicals will react with the carbon adsorbed on the surface to form precursor radicals for methane (CHy y=0-3). There could be many sources of adsorbed carbon: It could be from dissociative sticking of CO on the surface (reaction S1) or it could be the carbon formation from CT and DR. The increased methane levels as function of H2 admixture in both set of experiments proves that the second mechanism is not important as efficacy of CT and DR producing carbon decreases with increasing H2 (see section 2.4.2). In EPJ, molecules are vibrationally excited which can help in 32PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
PDF Search Title:
Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmasOriginal File Name Searched:
20160125_CO_Ponduri.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)