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2. HYDROGEN RADICAL ASSISTED METHANATION 2.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS combined effect of increasing H radicals and decreasing O radical production. A lot of O radicals are available at low Φs while H is absent. Slowly H radical concentration increases but O radical concentration decreases. At Φ =0.1 there is an optimum value of availability of O and H radicals. Φ =0.1 is also the condition, Ar+ ions are completely absent which are required for O production from CT and DR sequence. In essence, the onset of production of methane after plateauing of both water and CO production in Ar + CO2 + H2 plasmas strongly corroborates the scavenging effect of reactive H species by O radical. A similar scavenging behavior of O is insignificant in Ar + CO + H2 plas- mas because of the fact that relevant CT and DR channels of CO producing O radicals at the same conditions are each much slower than for the CO2 case resulting in much less H2O production in Ar + CO + H2 plasmas. Hence, the maximum amount of water formed in Ar + CO + H2 plasmas is four times as small as the maximum value in the case of Ar + CO2 + H2 plasmas. In fact such scavenging effect of H by O, producing H2 O has been shown as a viable mechanism for separating CO and O2 in CO2 plasmas by adding H2 (through simulations) or H containing molecules like CH4(through simulations and experiments) [117]. Hence, to produce carbon neutral fuels from CO2 + H2, using EPJ like plasmas, dissociation of CO2 to CO and further hydrogenation need to be optimized separately to reduce the deleterious effect of atomic O. 2.5 Summary and Conclusions It is shown, by comparing CO containing plasmas with CO2 containing plasmas, that for significant methane production, an intermediate of a syngas like gaseous mixture is a prerequisite. This apparent selectivity in methanating CO over CO2 can be exploited in other applications such as in fuel cells where the feed gas must be cleaned of CO, which poisons the catalyst in fuel cells [118]. From carbon deposition in Ar + CO + H2 plasmas in a reactor covered by a copper surface, we also show that new catalysts are needed if EPJ like plasma environment has to be used for fuel production. We found that, though CO2 is converted to CO maximally in Ar+ rich conditions, the attendant oxygen radical released from CO2 reduces the methanation efficiency by scavenging H radicals. Hence any future efforts need to spatially separate the CO2 reduction and the addition of hydrogen to make hydrocarbons. 36PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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