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3.1. INTRODUCTION 3. PROPERTIES OF MICRO-DISCHARGES large number of micro-discharges, a type of highly transient plasmas, that spread across in space and time – this mode of operation is called filamentary mode. Under special conditions (e.g. with certain gas mixtures, driving voltage) other modes called townsend mode and glow discharge have been observed [131, 132]. However, a CO2 DBD has always been observed in a filamentary mode. Figure 3.1: Dynamics of an individual filament. Top figure shows, the spatial extent at different stages of a cathode directed filament development. The bottom panel shows, a qualitative picture of discharge current due to the filament. Adapted from [122] There are four stages that characterize the evolution of a micro-discharge (or a fila- ment). They are: electron avalanche formation (pre-breakdown phase), streamer growth, bridging of the gas gap between the electrodes and spreading on the surface (surface propagation), and finally decay of the filament. These stages of a streamer are shown schematically in figure 3.1. In a steady state operation of a DBD, that is, when a period- icity in current versus time has set in, the pre-breakdown phase is initiated by the elec- trons deposited in the previous half-cycle on the instantaneous cathode. These electrons drift in the applied electric field towards the anode and amplify in number by ionization, and result in an avalanche. This pre-breakdown phase lasts for at least 0.1 μ s. Since the collision rate of electrons with the neutrals is very high at elevated pressures (>100 mbar) a space charge region– a region of electric charge caused by relatively stationary 43PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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