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3.2. CO2 DISSOCIATION IN A DBD 3. PROPERTIES OF MICRO-DISCHARGES accumulating it – this depletion sets up surface discharge which will eventually lead to the breakdown in the same location[137]; The third hypothesis predicates on the assump- tion that a part of charge on the surface is mobile and the local maxima when depleted due to the filament, the mobile charge spreads reducing the otherwise expected steep gradients in charge across the surface [122] . Irrespective of mechanisms causing memory effect, the fact that it is caused by charge gradients on the surface is important for further discussion. In summary, in most DBDs the accumulated positive charge is fixed at anode while the negative charge on cathode desorbs, which drift towards anode and act as seed electrons for electron avalanches helping the cathode directed streamers [141]. When the streamer bridges the gap the accumulated charge is transported to the opposite electrode, countervailing the applied voltage and thus choking the plasma – reason for filamentary mode. The same accu- mulated charge also helps in reigniting the plasma again when the polarity reverses i.e memory effect. As has been mentioned previously, though the filament diameter is only 100μm [66] in the volume of the discharge, it spreads to several mm on the surface [135]. The spreading on the surface can be explained in an intuitive way using a simple capacit- ance argument. As will be shown, typical filaments produce ≈ 0.5 nC, which if spreads on the same surface area with a diameter of 100μm, will induce a voltage in the orders of 106 V on typical dielectric layers (1 cm). Such high voltages are greater than breakdown voltage of the dielectric layers suggesting that the filament has to spread. The dynamics discussed so far describes what happens at only one location. In a typical DBD, however, there are filaments at multiple locations. Once the charge ac- cumulated at one location, it prevents further ignition at the same location. However, with increase in voltage in the same cycle, filaments can occur at locations where there was no filament earlier. Which locations should be used for first filaments and which for second and so on depend on the type of gas, reactor geometry and the type of dielectric used [142] and interesting spatial patterns in filaments have been realized using this fact [143]. 3.2 CO2 dissociation in a DBD 3.2.1 Experimental set-up The schematic of pin-pin DBD reactor used for this work is shown in the figure 3.2 It consists of two tungsten metal rods of 1 mm diameter which are coated with glass dielectric (εr ≈ 5 − 6) acting as electrodes. One electrode is connected to the high 45PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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