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3.2. CO2 DISSOCIATION IN A DBD 3. PROPERTIES OF MICRO-DISCHARGES Figure 3.3: A typical Q-V plot (Lissajous figure) showing transferred charge (QC ) through reactor as a function of applied voltage (Ua). Condition: 18 kVpk−pk, 700 mbar, 700 sccm, pure CO2 the gas is coupled into an extended cavity to measure CO using quantum cascade laser spectroscopy that will be explained in the section 3.2.3, also see figure 3.2. 3.2.2 Electrical Characterization To calculate Espec using equation 3.2, Pavg is most crucial as it is the only quantity that needs to be measured and is determined by the plasma while other parameters can be independently set. Pavg is defined as product of Ecycle and f, where Ecycle is the energy injected into plasma in one time period (or one cycle of voltage) and f is the frequency of the signal. Ecycle is calculated using Manely method [144]. The gist of Manely method is that the energy injected into plasma is equal to area of closed figure (Lissajous figure) formed by applied voltage and charge transferred through the reactor in each cycle. When there is no discharge, the reactor acts like a capacitor and Lissajous figure becomes a straight line whose slope gives capacitance of the reactor. For the pin- pin reactor it is measured to be 0.7 pF . An example Lissajous figure is shown in figure 3.3. The current is measured using a Rogowski coil (see figure 3.2). A typical meas- urement of voltage and current are shown in figure 3.4. The current signal is mainly a capacitive response of the reactor (displacement current) to the applied sinusoidal voltage with occasional spikes which correspond to micro-discharges. The accuracy of the amp- 47PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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