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3. PROPERTIES OF MICRO-DISCHARGES 3.2. CO2 DISSOCIATION IN A DBD where I(λ) is the absorption signal measured at different wavelengths of incident light λ, n is the concentration of species being probed, I0(λ) is the intensity of incident light at different wavelengths which is corrected for all the background absorption i.e absorp- tion signal without plasma in this work, L is the path length through which laser beam traverses and σ(λ) is the cross-section of absorption. The cross-section of absorption, σ(λ), is dependent on both the gas and the wavelength of the light used to measure the species. Whereas the values of I0(λ), σ(λ), L are fixed either by the design of experimental set up or the species, the value of I(λ) has to be measured. From these known val- ues, n is determined using equaion 3.5. For a given condition, the transmission spectra with and without the plasma were measured. The ratio of measured plasma-on spectra (I(λ)) to the plasma-off spectra (I0(λ)) is fitted to ratios from synthetic spectra calcu- lated by commercially available QMACS-HITRAN software tool with n as the fitting parameter. The value of n that gives the best fit is assumed to be the number density of the probed species. This technique is described in detail in [60, 67]. For fitting the data using QMACS software, spectroscopic constants available from HITRAN database are used; for each species analyzed, spectral windows are chosen so as to avoid the inter- ference in signal from other species which is especially important in FT-IR absorption spectroscopy. Temperature is an input parameter to use HITRAN database and it has always been assumed to be 296 K, reference temperature of the database and the temper- ature in the downstream where measurements are made is measured to be approximately same. QCLAS and FT-IR absorption spectroscopies differ in the range of wavelengths (spectral windows) of incident light and time resolutions. Whereas QCLAS has a very narrow spectral window and can measure with micro-second time resolution, FT-IR can be used in broad wavelength range but with a time resolution of few seconds. The time resolution, however, is not of big consequence in the ex-situ measurements reported here. QCLAS The theory describing the usage of QCL for absorption spectroscopy in plasma environ- ment is described in detail in [145] and the method to measure CO in CO2 fed DBDs used in this work is adapted from [67]. However, in contrast to the in-situ measurement repor- ted in [67], only the exhaust gas was measured in this work. To this effect the exhaust gas from the DBD was passed through an external cavity of 474 mm in length before it is pumped out; path length of laser beam is doubled to 948 mm by passing it twice in the cavity. An etalon and a reference cell are used to select the suitable wavelength and 50PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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