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4.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4. FLUID MODELLING OF CO2 DISSOCIATION specific energy input and the conversion degree according to [60, 64] ECO = SEI , (4.24) α it is immediately obvious that ECO and thus also the energy efficiency η is constant over the entire energy range because of the linear dependence of α on SEI. Using the enthalpy ∆HCO2 = 2.9 eV [60, 64], the energy efficiency obtained by the present model calculations is about 0.3 %, which is about one order of magnitude smaller than in the experiment [60]. A possible reason for the comparatively low conversion degree and energy efficiency obtained by the model calculation consists of an overestimation of the electron energy loss due to vibrational and/or electronic excitation as a consequence of insufficient cross section data [175]. There could be many possible reactions, that are missing in the current model and which leads to an underestimation of CO2 conversion. It is known that the some electronically excited states dissociate in plasmas e.g N2(B and C states) [199]. Similarly the electronic state densities calculated from the model which are at least an order of magnitude higher than CO produced from electron impact dissociation could possibly also contribute CO2 conversion. Willis et al [200] ascribe the fast dissociation of electronically excited molecules with thresholds at 7 and 10.5 (equal to the electronic states considered in this model) to explain dissociation in CO2 glow discharges in 400- 800 Torr range (similar pressure range as used in model). Corvin et al [201] propose a dissociative electronic state with a threshold at 6.1 eV. Though its maximum cross-section is ten-times smaller than that of any of the electronic states considered in the framework of this model, its lower threshold could be responsible for very high densities. Elliason et al [66] and Pietenza et al [198] include a dissociative channel from electronically excited state with a threshold at 6.9 eV and 7.0 eV respectively . Eliasson et al report a conversion frequency of approximately 1000/s (calculated from the results presented on conversion for one microdischarge after 100 ns), which is much higher than the ones calculated in this work and would lead to significant over estimation if we compare with the experiment. But the details about power consumption are missing and they assume a constant reduced electric field (155 Td) which is very far from reality. Pietenza et al do not discuss dissociation and energy efficiency in a DBD. At the same time, it has to be noted that Itikawa [175] who reviewed databases available on cross-sections of interaction of electrons with CO2 does not refer to the electronic state of Corvin et al, or that of Eliasson et al and Pietenza et al. In the global model of Aerts et al [63, 117], just as has been found here, the electron impact dissociation (in the model neglecting dissociation from electronic states) has been described as the dominant channel for CO 101PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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