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4. FLUID MODELLING OF CO2 DISSOCIATION 4.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION production. But later Kozak et al [64], by including an extensive vibrational kinetics, suggest that the maximum dissociation occurs due to reactions between ions and CO2 and not from electron induced reactions. In the same paper they claim that the electron energy is significantly used in exciting vibrational states along asymmetric mode (which do not contribute to dissociation) and it can be assumed that as a consequence the balance shifts to ion reactions. In a recent paper, Aerts et al [62] reduce the reaction set to include only important reactions in a CO2 DBD and claim that the major dissociation channels are electron impact dissociation and dissociative recombination. To test if considering dissociation of electronically excited states lead to a better match with the experimental results, the conversion degree and SEI are recalculated by assuming instantaneous dissociation of CO* and CO**. From this an energy efficiency 22 of 7.6% is obtained for the standard condition which is higher than the experimental values. However, by considering dissociation of CO*2 akin to Pietenza et al, an energy efficiency between 4-5 % is obtained; the results from these calculations, adjusted for various residence times are plotted in the figure 4.9 (open symbols). Another obvious feature about the experimental results is the slope (on a double log plot) between conversion degree and SEI. The slope as calculated from the model is dif- ferent from the experimental values. As the number of filaments increase, the charge deposited from one filament effects the one that can develop nearby [202] hence in- creasing the energy consumption to create new filaments, manifesting as an increased difficulty in creating new filaments. However, in any given narrow range, when the effect from nearby filaments can be considered same, the model can be assumed to replicate the reality (see chapter 3 for extended discussion). An alternative way to determine the energy ECO and to analyse the energy conver- sion in more detail consists in an evaluation of the electron energy balance equation (4.5). As an example, the period-averaged, line-integrated power loss due to the different re- action pathways leading directly to the generation of CO have been determined for the standard condition. The analysis shows that the spatially averaged energy consumed over one cycle is 1.48 × 1014 eVcm−2 , of 0.8 % is used in electron impact dissociation; from this an efficiency of close to 0.28% (without considering dissociation from electronically excited states) can be obtained if we replace 2.9 eV in (4.5) with threshold for electron impact dissociation, 11 eV. The description of the CO2 conversion degree in terms of the universal scaling parameter SEI becomes possible because most of the energy is injec- ted into the DBD plasma during the formation of the filaments and is dissipated almost immediately due to different electron collision processes for the most part according to the fractional power shown in figure 4.2. This emergence of universal scaling in CO2 102PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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