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5.4. VIBRATIONAL ENERGY EXCHANGE IN CO2 be exchanged between the asymmetric mode to the bending mode CO2(ν1 ν2 ν3)+M −→ CO2(ν1 ν2 ±3ν3 ∓1)+M (R5) or between asymmetric mode and both symmetric modes CO2(ν1 ν2 ν3)+M −→ CO2(ν1 ±1ν2 ±1ν3 ∓1)+M (R6) However, the vibrational exchange between the asymmetric modes and the symmetric modes is non resonant and hence is not significant. This observation has been further val- idated by a first principles calculations which showed insignificant interaction between asymmetric and symmetric modes [223]. In addition to the kinetic approach described in section 5.3, vibrational distributions can also be calculated using statistical mechanics, that is, to find the probability of to find ni particles in state i; such an approach can be applied even for some special cases of non equilibrium [224]. For non-equilibrium plasmas, molecules excited in a given mode can be assumed to equilibrate to a vibrational temperature. In fact, use of vibration mode-specific temperatures to calculate vibrational distributions have been employed in the case of analyzing CO2 lasers extensively [185, 216, 225]. Kustova et al [226] by re- viewing rate coefficients available for different vibrational exchange processes have con- cluded that a two temperature model (Tvs for symmetric modes and Tva for asymmetric mode) is useful in describing the vibrational distributions in CO2, even when dissociation is important. They came to this conclusion by evaluating different characteristic times of vibrational energy exchange τtr ≪τrot ≪τVVi ≪τVV1′−2 ≪τVV1′−2−3 ≈τVT1−2 <τVT3 <τdiss (5.4) Here, τtr, τrot are characteristic times of rotational and translational relaxation; τV Vi is VVrelaxationinthesamemode(i=1,2,3);τVV1′−2 andτVV1′−2−3 arecharacteristictimes of VV’ relaxation between symmetric modes and, between symmetric and asymmetric modes respectively; τdiss is characteristic time for dissociation. 5.4.1 Importance of asymmetric mode (ν3) for dissociation In essence, the two temperature model is based on the assumption that the interaction between the asymmetric mode and the symmetric modes is minimal and for all practical purposes they can be treated independently. Independence of modes becomes important especially in evaluating the efficiency of dissociation from highly vibrationally excited CO2 molecules. For dissociating a CO2 molecule the most efficient channel is to store the 117PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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