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5.6. INTRODUCTION If two molecules are dissociated (from R2 and R3), then the conversion efficiency achieved is 0.1 (2/20), while the specific energy input is 0.291 eV/molecule. Implying a near 100 % energy efficiency, which was indeed reported in supersonic expansions in microwave discharges [233], for a specific energy input of 0.3 eV/molecule. At room temperature and at atmospheric pressure the number of collisions per second in CO2 gas is approx- imately 2.2 × 109, hence, 20 collisions take 9 ns (for a molecular diameter of 232 pm). The rate of CO production from this is 108 /s (an order of magnitude estimate). However, in this extremely idealized scenario we discounted the energy required to create electrons, i.e the ionization cost. Also, the rate at which electrons transfer the energy very much depends on the reduced electric field (or Um). In addition to this, the electrons also de-excite the initial vibrational levels. Hence, the first goal is very much related with studying the processes that create and destroy the initial states and hence directly related with energy efficiency by including ionization cost and suitable Um de- pendant rate coefficients. In the idealized scenario, every collision is assumed to transfer vibrational energy. However, not every collision is very effective in transferring energy between each other. The number of collisions required determines the rate at which CO is produced from vibrational energy exchange. For example, at room temperature, approx- imately 106 collisions are required to transfer one quantum of energy from CO2(0,0,1) to CO2(1,1,0) [234]; similar numbers are not explicitly available for collisions for asym- metric mode, but the same information is available in rate coefficients. Building on this extremely idealized scenario the second goal of this chapter addresses, the rate at which CO is produced in a DBD in the situation where the interaction of every excited mo- lecule is included and only by up-pumping; that is only VV transfer reactions in which molecules excited in higher level are excited further up, while molecules excited in lower level decrease in energy further are considered. These reactions can be summarized as CO2(00 m)+CO2(00 n) −→ CO2(00 m+1)+CO2(00 n−1);m > n (R4) In summary, in this part of the chapter the model developed in chapter 4, in which electron kinetics is described in great detail and validated against experiment is used to understand the evolution of vibrational distributions. Even though the model is de- veloped for a DBD, some of the inferences are rather general and are applicable to other non-equilibrium plasmas as well. In the following sections, first, the vibrationally ex- cited species considered and the reasons for their selection will be discussed in detail. Second, a discussion on the reactions involving these species and the rate coefficients of the reactions will be presented. Next, results and discussion on the two different stud- ies conducted, each related with two goals specified is presented. Finally concluding 125PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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