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2 Costa Rica Costa Rica is located in the southern part of the Central American isthmus, between Nicaragua and Panama. Selected data for Costa Rica are provided in Table 2.1 Table 2.1 Selected Data for Costa Rica 51,060 4,814,144 70.97 2.944 8,792 Land Area Population GDP US$ Billion Installed Electric Electricity Consumed (km2 ) (2015) (2014) Power GW (2011) GWh (2011) Source: Central Intelligence Agency (US), https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html. In the early 1970s, Costa Rica met its electricity needs using hydro and thermal energy sources (70 percent and 30 percent respectively). The continuous rise in oil prices, especially during the 1973 crisis, motivated the authorities of the national utility company, the Costa Rican Institute of Electricity (Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, or ICE), to study the possibility of using alternative energy sources for generating electricity, including geothermal energy1. Preliminary exploratory studies of the geothermal areas in the Cordillera Volcánica de Guanacaste (a volcanic chain in the northern region of Costa Rica) were performed in 1975. The first technical report (a set of prefeasibility studies) on the viability of exploiting geothermal resources for generating electricity in that area was completed in 19762. The positive outcome of this work allowed ICE to apply for loans from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), in order to initiate the development of the Miravalles geothermal field. In this section, we provide the following information about geothermal development in Costa Rica: • Costa Rica and Its Electricity Sector (Section 2.1) • Geothermal Resource Potential in Costa Rica (Section 2.2) • Geothermal Projects in Costa Rica (Section 2.3) • Future Geothermal Projects in Costa Rica (Section 2.4) 1. P. Moya, “Costa Rican Geothermal Energy Development 1994–2006” (workshop for Decision Makers on Geothermal Projects in Central America, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, San Salvador, El Salvador, November 26–December 2, 2006). 2. Rogers Engineering Co., Inc. and GeothermEx, Inc., “Guanacaste Geothermal Project, Technical Prefeasibility Report” (prepared for Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, 1976). 13PDF Image | Unlocking Geothermal Power Eastern Caribbean Powerhouse
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