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8 Guadeloupe 8.1 Guadeloupe and Its Electricity Sector Guadeloupe has successfully developed its geothermal resources and has an installed capacity of 15 MW for geothermal generation. Guadeloupe is the only island in the Eastern Caribbean that has built a geothermal power plant. One of the key drivers of geothermal development in Guadeloupe was the government’s active role in the development of geothermal resources. Although the private sector played an important role during the exploration phase in the 1970s and the production drilling and operation phase in the 1980s, the government played a key role in the development of both phases of Guadeloupe’s geothermal development. Going forward, the government will continue to play a major role in the development of Guadeloupe’s geothermal resources. In this section, we provide the following information about geothermal development in Guadeloupe: • Guadeloupe and Its Electricity Sector (Section 8.1) • Geothermal Resource Potential in Guadeloupe (Section 8.2) • Geothermal Projects in Guadeloupe (Section 8.3) • Key Factors That Enabled Geothermal Development in Guadeloupe (Section 8.4) Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France, consists of a group of islands located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. In 2013, Guadeloupe had a population of 503,00091 and a GDP of ¤9,454.6 million.92 Électricité de France (EDF), the French publicly owned utility, supplies all of the electricity in Guadeloupe.93 In 2013, Guadeloupe had an installed capacity of 490 MW.94 Most of this installed capacity is owned by EDF (around 70 percent), and IPPs own the remaining share (around 30 percent).95 Most of Guadeloupe’s installed capacity is thermal generation (82.5 percent). Electricity is also produced with solar (5.7 percent), geothermal (4.7 percent), wind (3.3 percent), and bagasse (2.7 percent). The government plans to expand electricity generation from renewable energy. It has established a goal of generating 50 percent of Guadeloupe’s electricity from renewable energy by 2020, with geothermal and biomass accounting for much of this generation.96 Electricity consumption was 1,729 GWh in 2013,97 and it grew by 15 percent between 2005 and 2012.98 Consumption was highest for domestic and small business consumers (75 percent). Medium and large business, industries, and communities made up the remaining sales in 2012 (25 percent).99 The peak demand for EDF was 254 MW in 2013.100 Peak demand fell by 2 percent between 2010 and 2012, but did not change between 2012 and 2013.101 91. H. Liu, D. Masera, and L. Esser, eds., World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013: Guadeloupe (United Nations Industrial Development Organization and International Center on Small Hydro Power, 2013), accessed November 21, 2014, http://www.smallhydroworld.org/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/Americas_Caribbean/WSHPDR_2013_Guadeloupe.pdf. 92. World Travel & Tourism Council, “Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2014: Guadeloupe” (2014). 93. EDF Archipel Guadeloupe, “EDF Guadeloupe Presentation” (June 22, 2009). 94. H. Liu, D. Masera, and L. Esser, eds., World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013: Guadeloupe (United Nations Industrial Development Organization and International Center on Small Hydro Power, 2013), accessed November 21, 2014, http://www.smallhydroworld.org/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/Americas_Caribbean/WSHPDR_2013_Guadeloupe.pdf. 95. EDF Archipel Guadeloupe, “EDF Guadeloupe Presentation” (June 22, 2009). 96. In 2013, renewable energy accounted for 17.5 percent of total installed capacity. 97. EDF, “Island Energy Systems: Provisional Balance Sheet Guadeloupe,” July 2014, accessed July 21, 2014, http://translate.google.com/ translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://sei.edf.com/nos-engagements/bilans-previsionnels-offre-demande-47808.html&prev=search (no longer available). 98. Ibid. 99. Ibid. 100. Ibid. 101. Ibid. 49PDF Image | Unlocking Geothermal Power Eastern Caribbean Powerhouse
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