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15.2 Status of Geothermal Development The Government of Saint Lucia is in the early stages of geothermal development despite extensive exploration of its geothermal resources. The government has reached an agreement with Ormat to carry out surface exploration.411 However, the government and Ormat have not yet finalized an agreement on how the later stages of the project will be developed because the quality of the resource in the area explored is unclear. In 2014, the government restarted efforts to explore its geothermal resources. The government received US$2.8 million in grants from the World Bank and the New Zealand government.412 The government and Ormat began surface exploration in 2015. One of the biggest challenges for geothermal development in Saint Lucia is that the island’s most promising geothermal site is in a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Site. 15.2.1 Resource potential and development Saint Lucia’s has an estimated geothermal potential of 75 MW.413 If developed, this geothermal resource could potentially meet all baseload demand for electricity in Saint Lucia, which is about 35 MW.414 However, this potential has not yet been proven through exploratory drilling. The geothermal resources in the Sulphur Springs area of Saint Lucia have been explored extensively, but the quality of the resource in this area is unclear. Most of the exploration of the Sulphur Springs area was carried out during the 1970s and 1980s. During this time period, seven exploratory boreholes and two deep exploratory boreholes were drilled. The seven exploratory boreholes revealed that the geothermal resource in Sulphur Springs would be challenging to develop due to its low pH (around 2.8) and a high percentage of non-condensable gases. Neither of the two deep exploratory boreholes drilled was found to be suitable for commercial production. The first well had high temperatures, but was not permeable and was not productive. The second well provided superheated steam, but it was highly acidic and gas-rich. Thus, it was also deemed unsuitable for commercial production.415 Consultants have provided the government with different opinions on whether the Sulphur Springs area has commercially viable geothermal resources. The Compagnie Française pour le Développement de la Géothermie et des Energies Nouvelles (CFG) reviewed previous studies on the area and concluded that the Sulphur Springs– Terre Blanche zone is not suitable for commercial exploitation and thus should not be considered for further drilling. CFG identified new areas that should be explored for further survey. A 2014 report from the Japan International Cooperation Agency and West Japan Engineering Consultants, Inc. supports this conclusion. It states that the Sulphur Springs–Terre Blanche zone could be developed, but it would require specialized equipment and would be expensive. As a result, the report recommends exploring and developing new areas.416 In contrast, the 2002 Morgan reinterpretation of the 1970s resistivity study confirmed the geothermal resources and found that the deep exploratory wells “just missed [the] reservoir.”417 The government is continuing to study this resource to determine what to do next. In 2014, the World Bank agreed to provide a US$2 million grant, which includes further assessing the Qualibou region by carrying out additional studies and reviewing previous studies.418 411. “St. Lucia Says Geothermal Exploration Will Begin in 2015,” Caribbean Journal, December 18, 2014, accessed December 2, 2015, http://caribjournal.com/2014/12/18/st-lucia-says-geothermal-exploration-will-begin-in-2015/#. 412. “St. Lucia Receives $2.8 mn for Geothermal Project,” Fox News Latino, December 16, 2014, accessed January 5, 2015, http://latino. foxnews.com/latino/news/2014/12/16/st-lucia-receives-28-mn-for-geothermal-project/. 413. World Bank, “Got Steam? Geothermal as an Opportunity for Growth in the Caribbean,” Caribbean Knowledge Series, June 2013, accessed March 6, 2014, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/06/21/000442464 _20130621142703/Rendered/PDF/786080WP015.0G00Box377349B00PUBLIC0.pdf. 414. Judith Ephraim, “Geothermal Development in Saint Lucia” (Costa Rica Study Tour: March 2014). 415. This exploratory drilling was carried out by Merz and McLellan Co. in association with the Seismic Research Unit of the University of West Indies in Trinidad. This work was funded by the United Kingdom Overseas Administration (UKODA). 416. West Japan Engineering Consultants, Inc., “Study on Current Status of Geothermal Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands,” March 2014. 417. Judith Ephraim, “Geothermal Development in Saint Lucia” (Costa Rica Study Tour: March 2014). 418. “Tender: Geothermal Project Preparations in Saint Lucia, Caribbean,” ThinkGeoEnergy, August 29, 2014, accessed November 6, 2014, http://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/tender-geothermal-project-preparations-in-saint-lucia-caribbean/. 177PDF Image | Unlocking Geothermal Power Eastern Caribbean Powerhouse
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