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CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Researchers have been investigating the potential of WHR systems to improve ICE efficiency for over 20 years. This literature review will provide an overview of the relevant work in this field and concentrate specifically on the recovery of waste heat from ICEs using a Rankine cycle. The Rankine cycle is the primary method of WHR in the literature due to its efficiency using low to medium grade heat sources and its relative simplicity [24]. Inspection of prior research reveals that investigators have successfully implemented WHR systems and shown efficiency gains. However, the improvements in overall efficiency have been minimal compared to the additional cost and space required for a WHR system. The existing body of work on the subject of WHR shows that there are inherent difficulties in recovering waste heat from ICEs, and that these obstacles have yet to be overcome. This literature review will be presented in two sections: WHR using exhaust gases and WHR using engine coolant. The section on exhaust gases includes recovery from the primary exhaust stream, as well as recovery from the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. The section on coolant as a heat source will cover WHR at a typical coolant temperature of 90°C as well as WHR at elevated coolant temperatures. The objective of the following literature survey is to understand the current state of the art and provide a context for the work in the present study. 2.1 WHR Using Exhaust Gases A summary of relevant literature on previous WHR studies is presented in Table 2-1, with details on the WHR sources, exhaust temperature, coolant temperature, working fluid, and efficiency gains. The vast majority of studies on WHR from ICEs use the exhaust gas heat as the primary heat source. The exhaust gases from combustion represent the highest temperature waste 7PDF Image | WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE DIESEL ENGINE
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