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output from the WHR using only the EGR system heat for both the evaporator and super-heater (diagram on the left in Figure 2-3). They initially planned to be able to use EGR rates up to 35% and had estimated a 3% gain in efficiency using EGR alone. However, testing quickly showed that any EGR rates over 10% produced large amounts of smoke. Therefore, with the EGR rate limited to 10%, the authors reported a minimum of 1.3% relative increase in thermal efficiency for the B100 point and a maximum of 2.1% at the C100 point. For the second test, the EGR flow was channeled through the evaporator and the engine exhaust from the turbo outlet provided superheating in the second heat exchanger (diagram on the right in Figure 2-3). The results improved to a minimum gain of 1.6% at B75 to a maximum gain of 3.0% at C100. However, Teng noted that the results were still hampered by the low EGR rate. For the final test, the exhaust heat was the sole source for the WHR system and the best results were obtained with this system. A minimum relative efficiency increase of 3.4% at B50 and a maximum of 4.2% at C100 were reported. Although the EGR flow represents the highest temperature waste heat, the results suggest that the EGR flow rate tends to be too low to offer significant benefits in WHR. Edwards and Wagner [30] modeled an ORC WHR system using both the post turbo exhaust stream and the EGR stream from a GM 1.9L turbodiesel using GT-Suite. R245fa was chosen as the working fluid due to its low saturation pressure and its positive saturation vapor curve slope in the T-s diagram. The positive slope of the saturation curve makes R245fa a ‘dry working fluid’ which ensures superheat after vapor expansion and prevents condensation within the turbine which can cause severe damage.The authors evaluated two designs: one with working fluid heated by EGR gases first and exhaust second, and one with the working fluid heated by exhaust first and EGR gases second. A recuperator was present in both systems to improve WHR system efficiency. The analysis showed that the design using the exhaust for the initial heating and the EGR gases 17PDF Image | WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE DIESEL ENGINE
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