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at lower loads 15% increases were seen. Though these results give some indication of the WHR system performance, testing over a drive cycle would be much more informative when it comes to real-world efficiency improvements. Also, Ringler et al. present very few details about the WHR components used on the test bench to achieve this level of performance (heat exchanger size, etc). This raises the question of how realistic the reported efficiency improvements are for an actual automotive installation. Large diesel power plants are some of the most efficient engines in use, with thermal efficiencies approaching 50%. Nonetheless, half of the fuel energy is still being wasted in various heat paths to the environment. Wartsila, a Finnish company that manufactures large bore engines for use in marine applications, evaluated the ability of a WHR system to improve the efficiency of a large, low-speed marine engine with a maximum continuous output of 68,640 kW [19]. Wartsila first optimized the engine for WHR by channeling in outside air for the intake stream. They assume the maximum intake air temperature can be decreased from 45°C to 35°C using this method. Reducing intake air temperature will increase air density and, with the addition of more fuel, power output will increase along with exhaust temperature and flow rate. If the turbocharger is downsized to return power output to previous levels, there will be excess exhaust energy (~10%) which can be recovered before the turbocharger and used to power an additional turbine (power turbine). This power turbine is one part of what Wartsila refers to as a Total Heat Recovery Plant (THRP). In the THRP, the engine cooling water (~90°C) was used to pre-heat the working fluid for the steam cycle. Next, the water was evaporated and superheated using the exhaust gases collected after the turbocharger using a dual-pressure evaporator which provided ship service steam (high pressure) and steam for powering a steam turbine (low pressure). The steam turbine, along with the power turbine, were coupled to an alternator and generated the ship service power. The alternator could 24PDF Image | WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE DIESEL ENGINE
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